Prevajanje imen živalskih vrst

Škalič, Matevž (author), Reindl, Donald Francis (mentor)

Magistrsko delo prikazuje kompleksnost in specifičnost prevajanja poimenovanj za živali. Za osnovo raziskave smo vzeli zoološko enciklopedijo Davida Burnieja z naslovom Animal: The Definitive Visual Guide to the World's Wildlife in jo primerjali s slovenskim prevodom, katerega naslov je Velika ilustrirana enciklopedija živali. Nato smo dodali nekaj primerov rabe živalskih imen iz poljudnih besedil in preučili obstoječe ali možne prevode. Prevajalske strategije, ki so bile uporabljene za prevod zoološke enciklopedije, smo primerjali s tistimi, ki jih prevajalec uporabi pri prevajanju teh terminov v poljudnih besedilih. Nekatera poimenovanja za živali so bila iz angleščine v slovenščino prevedena z nadpomenko, ki je pomensko bližje znanstvenemu imenu, medtem ko so izvorna poimenovanja izražena z dvema podpomenkama, lahko celo z eno. Spet druga so bila prevedena s konkretnejšim izrazom, kajti v angleščini so bile te skupine poimenovane dokaj opisno. Pokazalo se je, da slovenska verzija tendira k nekoliko bolj znanstvenim poimenovanjem, toda v kakšnem posameznem primeru se prevajalec ni odločil za to, temveč je obdržal opisno ime. Nekatere živalske skupine so bile v izvirniku poimenovane z dvema besedama, ker ena beseda ne pokriva vseh predstavnikov in jo je bilo treba dopolniti. V primerih, kjer je slovenski izraz bolj vključujoč, je prevajalec za skupino uporabil samo eno besedo, saj je ni bilo treba dopolniti. V zadnjem razdelku prevodne analize smo našteli nekaj različnih primerov posebnosti tovrstnega prevajanja, denimo problematiko zajcev in kuncev v različnih jezikih, pri kateri je večinoma ena od dveh besed nevtralnejša in bolj poznana, čeprav gre za dve različni živali. Nadaljnji primer je asociacija, ki jo vzbudi ptica selivka kot znanilka pomladi. V tem raznolikem razdelku smo izpostavili tudi problematiko živali, ki slovenskega imena (še) nimajo, in tistih, ki jim strokovnjaki ime spremenijo. Poleg vseh terminoloških zank smo ugotavljali tudi, da je lahko prevajanje imen živali v poljudnih besedilih precej drugačno od tistega v strokovnih, kajti o prevodni strategiji lahko odločajo drugačni kriteriji. Nenazadnje se je pokazalo, kako pomembno je poznavanje področja, če želimo te termine ustrezno prevesti.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: prevajanje, živali, poimenovanja, strokovna besedila, poljudna besedila
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: FF - Faculty of Arts
• Year: 2025
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-167381
• COBISS.SI-ID: 227058435
• Publication date in RUL: 19.02.2025

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Translating animal species names

Abstract

This master’s thesis presents the complexity and specific details of translating names for animals. David Burnie’s zoological encyclopedia Animal: The Definitive Visual Guide to the World’s Wildlife was used as the basis for the research and was compared with its Slovenian translation, Velika ilustrirana enciklopedija živali. I then added some examples of the use of animal names from popular texts and examined actual or possible translations. The translation strategies that were used for the translation of the zoological encyclopedia were compared with those that translators use when translating these terms in popular texts. Some names for animals were translated from English into Slovenian with a hypernym that is semantically closer to the scientific name, whereas the original designations are expressed with two hyponyms, or even one. Still others were translated with a more concrete term because in English these groups were named quite descriptively. It turned out that the Slovenian version tends toward slightly more scientific names, but in some individual cases the translator did not decide to do this, but instead retained the descriptive name. Some animal groups were named with two words in the original because one word does not cover all representatives and had to be supplemented. In cases in which the Slovenian term is more inclusive, the translator used only one word for the group because there was no need to supplement it. The last section of the translation analysis lists a few different examples of special features of this type of translation; for example, the issue of rabbits versus hares in different languages, for which in general one of the two words is more neutral and more familiar, even though they are two different animals. A further example is the association evoked by a migratory bird as a harbinger of spring. This diverse section also highlights the issue of animals that do not (yet) have a Slovenian name, and those whose names are changed by experts. In addition to all the terminological loopholes, it was also found that the translations of animal names in popular texts can be quite different from those in technical texts because the translation strategy can be determined by different criteria. Last but not least, it was shown how important knowledge of the field is if one wants to translate these terms properly.

• Keywords: translation, animals, names, technical texts, popular texts