Epidemiologija in analiza dejavnikov tveganja za sistemsko alergijsko reakcijo po piku čebele v slovenski populaciji čebelarjev

Carli, Tanja (author), Kukec, Andreja (mentor), Košnik, Mitja (comentor)

Ozadje: Izpostavljenost ponavljajočim se pikom kožekrilcev (čebele, ose, čmrlji) je glavni okoljski dejavnik tveganja za razvoj alergijske reakcije. Čebelarji sodijo med ogrožene populacijske skupine, saj je sezonska ali celoletna izpostavljenost pikom kožekrilcev (zlasti čebelam) pomembno večja v primerjavi s splošno odraslo populacijo. Namen raziskave je bil oceniti vseživljenjsko prevalenco prve in ponovne sistemske alergijske reakcije (SAR) po piku čebele med slovenskimi čebelarji ter opredeliti dejavnike tveganja za SAR po piku čebele. Metode: V nacionalno presečno raziskavo, ki je potekala od 1. novembra 2021 do 31. maja 2023 smo vključili 1.080 slovenskih čebelarjev, včlanjenih pri Slovenski čebelarski zvezi. Za zbiranje epidemioloških podatkov smo uporabili vsebinsko veljaven celostni vprašalnik. Opazovani zdravstveni izid (SAR po piku čebele) je bil potrjen s strani zdravnika. Rezultati: Ocenjena vseživljenjska prevalenca samoporočane prve SAR po piku čebele je bila 9,4 % (102/1.080), z visokim deležem, 40,7 % (24/59), s strani zdravnika potrjene težke SAR (stopnja III-IV po Muellerjevi klasifikaciji). Ocenjena vseživljenjska prevalenca samoporočane ponovne SAR po piku čebele je bila nižja, 3,7 % (40/1.080), prav tako z visokim deležem, 60,0% (9/15), s strani zdravnika potrjene težke SAR (stopnja III-IV po Muellerjevi klasifikaciji). Opredeljeni dejavniki tveganja za prvo SAR po piku čebele so bili starost, moški spol, število pikov čebel na sezono, anamneza velike lokalne reakcije in simptomi s strani nosu med delom pri panjih. Mlajši čebelarji, moškega spola, z manjšim številom pikov čebel na sezono, anamnezo velike lokalne reakcije in simptomi s strani nosu med delom pri panjih, so bolj ogroženi za razvoj SAR po piku čebele. Zaključki: Visok delež s strani zdravnika potrjene težke prve in ponovne SAR po piku čebele nakazuje potrebo po oblikovanju ciljno naravnanih javnozdravstvenih strategij in vpeljavo kliničnih ukrepov z namenom zaščite te visoko rizične populacijske skupine.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: javno zdravje, preobčutljivost, prevalenca, čebelarjenje
• Work type: Doctoral dissertation
• Organization: MF - Faculty of Medicine
• Year: 2025
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-167380
• Publication date in RUL: 19.02.2025

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Epidemiology and risk analysis of systemic allergic reactions to a bee venom in the Slovenian population of beekeepers

Abstract

Background: Exposure to repeated Hymenoptera stings (bees, wasps, bumblebees) is the main environmental risk factor for developing an allergic reaction. Beekeepers represent a high-allergic risk population group due to their unavoidable seasonal or persistent exposure to the elicitors of Hymenoptera venom allergy, bees in particular. We aimed to estimate the lifetime prevalence of first and recurrent systemic allergic reaction (SAR) to bee venom among Slovenian beekeepers. Additionally, we aimed to elucidate the risk factors predisposing beekeepers to developing SAR to bee venom. Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,080 beekeepers who are members of the Slovenian beekeeper’s association, between 1 November 2021 and 31 May 2023. Epidemiological data were collected using a validated questionnaire, with the clinician-confirmed observed health outcome. Results: The estimated overall lifetime prevalence of self-reported first SAR to bee venom was 9.4% (102/1,080), with 40.7% (24/59) of the clinician-confirmed cases being severe (grade III-IV according to the Mueller classification). The estimated overall lifetime prevalence of reported recurrent SAR to bee venom was lower at 3.7% (40/1,080), with 60.0% (9/15) of the clinician-confirmed cases being severe (grade III-IV according to the Mueller classification). Risk factors associated with the first SAR to bee venom included age, male sex, number of bee stings per season, a history of large local reaction and experiencing nasal symptoms while working at hives. Younger male beekeepers, with a low number of bee stings per season, a history of large local reaction and nasal symptoms while working at hives, are at a high risk of having SAR to bee venom. Conclusions: High lifetime prevalence of clinician-confirmed severe first and recurrent SAR to bee venom underscored the importance of targeted public health strategies and clinical interventions to protect this high-risk population.

• Keywords: public health, hypersensitivity, prevalence, beekeeping