Effect of filament material and printing temperature on 3D printing extrusion force

Krapež, Daša (author), Jusufagić, Muhammed (author), Obućina, Murčo (author), Kitek Kuzman, Manja (author), Kariž, Mirko (author)

In this study, a modified 3D printer hotend equipped with a load cell, attached to the feeding system, was used to evaluate the effects of filament material composition and printing parameters on the extrusion force required. Four different materials (commercial PLA, pure PLA, wood-PLA with different ratios of wood particles, and wood-PLA with different ratios of thermally modified wood particles) were used for 3D printing, and the feeding resistance was measured. The filament feeder was connected to the extruder hotend via a load cell, which measured the forces required to push the filament through the extruder and the nozzle. Three printing nozzle temperatures of 200, 210, and 220 °C were used. The results show that the printing temperature and the material influence the required extrusion forces, which varied between 1 and 8 N, but the variation was high. With proper optimization and integration into the printer firmware, this setup could also be used to detect nozzle clogging during printing, modify printing parameters during the process, and prevent the uneven extrusion of composite filaments.

• Language: English
• Keywords: FFF, wood-PLA filament, wood content, extrusion force, printing parameters
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Year: 2025
• Number of pages: 16 str.
• Numbering: Vol. 15, iss. 4, [article no.] 2046
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-167365
• UDC: 630*8
• ISSN on article: 2076-3417
• DOI: 10.3390/app15042046
• COBISS.SI-ID: 226494723

Note

Raziskovalni podatki dostopni na https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?id=166731&lang=eng

• Publication date in RUL: 18.02.2025

KRAPEŽ, Daša, JUSUFAGIĆ, Muhammed, OBUĆINA, Murčo, KITEK KUZMAN, Manja and KARIŽ, Mirko, 2025, Effect of filament material and printing temperature on 3D printing extrusion force. Applied sciences [online]. 2025. Vol. 15, no. 4,  2046. [Accessed 18 May 2025]. DOI 10.3390/app15042046. Retrieved from: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=167365

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: Applied sciences
• Shortened title: Appl. sci.
• Publisher: MDPI
• ISSN: 2076-3417
• COBISS.SI-ID: 522979353

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: les, PLA filamenti, delež lesa, sila ekstrudiranja, parametri tiskanja

Projects

• Funder: ARIS - Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency
• Project number: P4-0015
• Name: Les in lignocelulozni kompoziti