Introduction: Chronic low back pain represents a significant global health problem and is a leading cause of disability and absence from work. Chronic pain lasting more than 12 weeks is often the result of mechanical injuries. People with chronic low back pain experience weakened core muscles, which consequently leads to reduced stability and mobility of the lumbar spine. Pilates exercises re-engage the core muscles, increase muscle performance, and consequently improve the stability of the lumbar spine. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma work was to determine the effect of Pilates exercises on chronic low back pain based on a review of professional and scientific literature. Methods: A descriptive research method was employed, reviewing scientific and professional literature. The literature search was conducted in electronic databases including PubMed and PEDro. The literature review included studies published after 2014 in English. The following keywords and phrases (independently or in combination) were used in English: Pilates, chronic low back pain, and exercise. Results: Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, we selected 7 studies in which a total of 867 participants with confirmed low back pain lasting three months or more were involved. The exercise programs lasted from 6 to a maximum of 12 weeks, with exercise frequency ranging from one to three times per week. Each exercise session lasted from 40 to 60 minutes. All studies reported statistically significant improvements in pain for participants who practiced Pilates on either a mat or a reformer. Discussion and conclusion: Pilates exercise is an effective method for treating people with chronic low back pain compared to other exercise methods. It effectively reduces pain and disability, improves balance and muscle performance, affects depression and anxiety positively, and contributes to improving quality of life significantly. Pilates exercise is safe and effective, and the frequency and intensity of the workout can be adjusted for everyone.
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