Načrtovanje in 3D oblikovanje kozmetike podkolenskih protez

Štanfel, Nina (author), Gabrijelčič Tomc, Helena (mentor), Muck, Deja (comentor)

Proteze so ortopedski pripomočki, ki nadomeščajo amputirane dele okončin in druge dele telesa, npr. uhelj, nos in podobno. Sodobne tehnologije, kot so računalniško podprto načrtovanje, tridimenzionalni (3D) zajem in 3D tisk, ponujajo obetavne alternative tradicionalnim metodam izdelave protez ali njihovih delov. Računalniško podprto načrtovanje poenostavi postopek načrtovanja in omogoča digitalno vrednotenje, medtem ko lahko 3D tisk reproducira modele z različnimi materiali. Videz proteze ima pomembno vlogo za uporabnike zaradi socialnega sprejemanja in enakosti v družbi. Lahko ga spreminjamo z različnimi oblikami kozmetike. Pomembno je, da je kozmetika lahka in omogoča neovirano delovanje proteze. Tradicionalno je izdelana iz lateks ali poliuretanske pene, sodobne tehnologije računalniške grafične vizualizacije, 3D oblikovanja in 3D tisk pa omogočajo ustvarjanje alternativnih kozmetičnih dizajnov, ki so prilagojeni uporabnikovemu stilu in željam. Cilj magistrskega dela je bil zajeti uporabnikovo zdravo nogo, mrežo narejeno z zajemom pa oblikovati v funkcionalno kozmetiko za podkolensko protezo. Poleg tega je bila cilj izdelava prototipa kozmetike, natisnjene s 3D tiskalnikom, in vzpostavitev delokroga za izdelavo predloga kozmetike za protetiko. V raziskovalnem delu smo prizkusili dve različni metodi zajema noge z namenom izdelave kozmetike za podkolensko protezo. Pri tem smo uporabili metodo laserskega skeniranja in zajema uda s pomočjo fotogrametrije. Oba zajema smo računalniško obdelali in ju primerjali. Ugotovili smo, da je skeniranje z laserskim skenerjem proizvedlo najnatančnejšo mrežo, ki smo jo lahko obdelali in v programu Blender oblikovali v kozmetiko za podkolensko protezo. Izdelali smo mehanizem, ki je sestavljen iz pasovnega, slonečega ter zatičnega mehanizma in pripenja kozmetiko na podkolensko protezo. Model, ki smo ga oblikovali iz mreže zajete s skeniranjem, smo natisnili s 3D tiskalnikom za ekstrudiranje materiala. Natisnjena kozmetika je trdna in robustna, njena teža znaša 423 gramov. Težo kozmetike bi lahko zmanjšali s stanjšanjem zunanje stene kozmetike, spreminjanjem števila zunanjih sten pri 3D tisku ter z uporabo ustreznejšega materiala.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: 3D oblikovanje, 3D tisk, podkolenske proteze, kozmetika podkolenske proteze
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: NTF - Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering
• Year: 2025
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-166807
• Publication date in RUL: 25.01.2025

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Planning and 3D design of transtibial prostheses cosmetics

Abstract

Prosthetics are orthopedic devices that replace amputated parts of limbs and other body parts, such as the ear, nose, and similar. Modern technologies such as computer-aided design (CAD), 3D scanning, and 3D printing offer promising alternatives to traditional methods of prosthetic manufacturing or their components. CAD simplifies the design process and enables digital evaluation, while 3D printing can reproduce models with various materials. The appearance of a prosthetic has an important role for users due to social acceptance and equality in society. The appearance of a prosthetic can be altered with various types of cosmetic covers. It is important that the cosmetic component is lightweight and allows for the unobstructed functioning of the prosthesis. They are traditionally made from foam, modern visualization technologies, 3D design, and 3D printing enable the creation of alternative cosmetic designs tailored to the user's style. The aim of the master's thesis is to capture the user's healthy leg and transform the captured mesh into functional cosmetics for a below-knee prosthesis. Additionally, the goal is to prototype the cosmetics using a 3D printer and establish a workflow for creating cosmetic for transtibial prosthetics. In our research, we tested two different methods for capturing the leg, with the aim of creating cosmetics for a below-knee prosthesis. We used laser scanning and photogrammetry to capture the limb. Both captures were processed using computer software and compared. We found that scanning with a laser scanner produced the most accurate mesh, which we could process and shape into cosmetics for the below-knee prosthesis using Blender. We developed a mechanism consisting of a strap, support, and pin mechanism to attach the cosmetic to the below-knee prosthesis. The model, designed from the mesh captured by scanning, was printed using a material extrusion 3D printer. The printed cosmetic is sturdy and robust, weighing 423 grams. The weight of the cosmetic could be reduced by thinning the outer wall of the cosmetic, adjusting the number of outer walls during 3D printing, and using more suitable materials.

• Keywords: 3D design, 3D printing, transtibial prosthesis, transtibial prosthesis cosmetics