Vpliv prehranske intervencije na telesno sestavo vrhunskih odbojkarjev

Ježovnik, Lara (author), Knap, Bojan (mentor)

Vrhunski odbojkarji potrebujejo za dosego vrhunskih rezultatov prilagojen prehranski načrt, ki sledi zahtevam visoko intenzivnih treningov. Z raziskavo smo želeli oceniti prehranski vnos in telesno sestavo (TS) skupine odbojkarjev in izvesti prehransko intervencijo (PI), ki bi vplivala na izboljšanje TS in zmogljivosti pri odbojkarjih. V našo raziskavo smo vključili 14 odbojkarjev, ki tekmujejo v 1. slovenski odbojkarski ligi. Študijo je odobrila Komisija Republike Slovenije za medicinsko etiko (številka: 0120-206/2024-2711-6). V raziskavi smo preverjali energijski in prehranski vnos odbojkarjev, ki so izpolnili 3-dnevni prehranski dnevnik. Dobljene prehranske dnevnike smo vnesli v program Odprta platforma za klinično prehrano. Skupino vrhunskih odbojkarjev smo naključno razdelili v interventno (N = 7) in kontrolno skupino (N = 7), ter s prvo skupino izvedli PI. V času 6-tedenske PI smo izvedli dva predavanja na temo optimalne prehrane za vrhunske športnike. Po končani PI sta obe skupini odbojkarjev ponovno izpolnili 3-dnevni prehranski dnevnik za primerjavo prehranskega vnosa med skupinama. Pred začetkom in po končani PI smo odbojkarjem ocenili TS z bioimpedančno analitsko tehtnico Akern BIA 101 BIVA® (AKERN S.r.l., Italija). Rezultate parametrov TS odbojkarjev z bioimpedančno analizo pred in po PI smo uporabili za primerjavo vpliva PI na morebitne spremembe pri parametrih TS, kot so nemaščobna telesna masa, maščobna masa in fazni kot. Statistična analiza TS je pokazala statistično značilne razlike pri primerjavi 1. in 2. meritve TS znotraj intervencijske skupine. Statistično značilne razlike so vidne pri parametrih nemaščobne telesne mase (p = 0,03), maščobne telesne mase (p = 0,03) in celokupne telesne vode(p = 0,02). Fazni kot (p = 0,34), masa telesnih celic (p = 0,08) in zunajcelična voda (p = 0,91) niso pokazali statistično pomembnih sprememb. Pri kontrolni skupini ni prišlo do statistično značilnih razlik pri primerjavi 1. in 2. meritve TS: nemaščobna telesna masa (p = 0,69), maščobna telesna masa (p = 0,65) in celokupna telesna voda (p = 0,74). Raziskava je pokazala, da lahko z ustrezno PI vplivamo na izboljšanje TS vrhunskih odbojkarjev. Gre za prvo tovrstno študijo ocene prehranskega vnosa in TS vrhunskih odbojkarjev v Sloveniji. Vzorec v naši raziskavi je bil premajhen za podajanje konkretnejših zaključkov, zato v bodoče predlagamo izvajanje tovrstnih raziskav na večjem vzorcu oseb.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: prehrana, prehrana športnikov, odbojkarji, hranilni vnos, energijski vnos, telesna sestava
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Publisher: [L. Ježovnik]
• Year: 2024
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-166103
• UDC: 613.2:796.325
• COBISS.SI-ID: 219983619
• Publication date in RUL: 20.12.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The influence of nutritional intervention on the body composition in elite volleyball players

Abstract

Professional volleyball players need a customized nutritional plan to achieve top results, tailored to the demands of high-intensity trainings. Our study aimed to assess the dietary intake and body composition (BC) of a group of volleyball players and conduct a nutritional intervention (NI) to improve their body composition and performance. We included 14 volleyball players competing in the First Slovenian Volleyball League. The study was approved by The National Medical Ethics Committee of the Republic of Slovenia (number: 0120-206/2024-2711-6). Participants completed a 3-day food record, which we analyzed using the Open Platform for Clinical Nutrition program. The group of volleyball players was than randomly divided in the intervention (N = 7) and control group (N = 7) and NI was performed with the first group. During the 6-week NI, we held two lectured on optimal nutrition for elite athletes. After the NI, both groups of volleyball players again completed a 3-day food record to compare dietary intake between groups. BC was measured before and after NI using a bioimpedance analysis scale (Akern BIA 101 BIVA®, Akern S.r.l., Italy).The results of both measurements were used to assess the impact of the NI on BC parameters such as fat-free mass, fat mass and phase angle. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in BC parameters between the first and the second measurements within the intervention group. Significant changes were observed in fat-fre mass (p = 0,03) , fat mass (p = 0,03), and total body water (p = 0,34), body cell mass (p = 0,08), or extracellular water (p = 0,91). In the control group, no significant differences , there were no statistically significant differences when comparing the 1st and 2nd BC measurements: fat-free mass (p = 0,69), fat mass (p = 0,65), total body water (p = 0,74). The study showed the appropriate NI can be used to improve the TS of the elite wolleyball players. This is the first study of its kind to assess the dietary intake and BC of elite wolleyball players in Slovenia. The sample size in our study was too small to draw more concrete conclusions, and we suggest conducting this type of study in larger sample of people.

• Keywords: nutrition, sport nutrition, volleyball, nutritional intake, energy intake, body composition