Introduction: Insertion of a peripheral venous catheter by nurses is one of the most frequently performed nursing interventions and a critical procedure in hospitals. It is estimated that approximately 10% of patients in emergency settings have difficult venous access due to various factors such as obesity, intravenous drug abuse, dehydration, chronic diseases, and acute symptoms. In such patients, multiple attempts are often required before the catheter is successfully placed. In recent years, the use of ultrasound for peripheral venous catheter insertion has become a common practice in cases of difficult access, especially in emergency situations where venous access is crucial for patient survival. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to present the importance of parenteral access in high-risk patients and the challenges that can arise in establishing parenteral access. The advantages of using ultrasound for venipuncture are described. Through a review and critical analysis of the literature, conclusions are drawn regarding when the use of ultrasound assistance for intravenous access is appropriate and when it is most beneficial to choose this method. Methods: A descriptive method was used in this thesis, with a review of professional and scientific literature in both Slovenian and English. The literature was searched in databases such as PubMed, CINAHL, and CINAHL Ultimate. Results: Ultrasound offers significant advantages in establishing peripheral venous access in patients with difficult venous access. Discussion and Conclusion: The use of ultrasound positively contributes to the insertion of peripheral venous catheters in patients with difficult venous access. It improves the patient's experience during insertion and reduces pain during the procedure. The success rate on the first attempt and overall success rate is higher when ultrasound is used. It also saves time required for the insertion.
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