Stališča učencev do sprejemanja otrok s posebnimi potrebami pred obravnavo slikanice Žan je drugačen in po njej : magistrsko delo

Klanjšček, Anita (author), Petek, Tomaž (mentor)

Otroci s posebnimi potrebami so otroci, ki imajo primanjkljaje na različnih področjih, in sicer so to učenci z zaostankom v duševnem razvoju, učenci s specifičnimi učnimi težavami, učenci s čustvenimi in z vedenjskimi motnjami, učenci z ADHD, učenci s komunikacijskimi motnjami, slepi ali slabovidni učenci, gluhi ali naglušni učenci, dolgotrajno bolni učenci, nadarjeni učenci in učenci z motnjami avtističnega spektra. V magistrskem delu se osredinjam na zadnje. Ker se v osnovnih šolah povečuje število avtističnih otrok in je pri njih ena glavnih težav otežena komunikacija z drugimi ljudmi, sem se odločila, da podrobneje raziščem, kakšen odnos imajo učenci do otrok z motnjami avtističnega spektra. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 50 učencev 2. razreda in 50 učencev 5. razreda; opirala sem se na slikanico Žan je drugačen avtorice Helene Koncut Kraljič, ki govori o dečku z avtizmom. Na podlagi rezultatov, zbranih z vprašalnikom, ki je bil sestavljen iz 17 trditev s 5-stopenjsko ocenjevalno lestvico, smo ugotovili, da imajo učenci 2. in 5. razreda v povprečju pred obravnavo slikanice Žan je drugačen odklonilen odnos do drugačnosti. Iz analize anketnih vprašalnikov po obravnavi slikanice Žan je drugačen pa je razvidno, da so se učenci obeh razredov vživeli v glavni lik in tako spremenili odnos do otrok s posebnimi potrebami. Ugotavljali pa smo tudi, ali med drugošolci in petošolci obstajajo pomembne statistični razlike v povečanju empatije po obravnavi slikanice Žan je drugačen. Rezultati so pokazali, da obstaja večje povečanje empatije pri drugošolcih kot pri petošolcih po obravnavi slikanice Žan je drugačen. Omenjena raziskava vpliva na pomen ozaveščanja otrok o avtizmu, saj so pridobljeni podatki pokazali, da lahko s pomočjo slikanice otroku približaš drugačnost in spodbudiš razvoj empatije. Izsledki magistrskega dela so lahko v pomoč učiteljem, ki bodo v razredu želeli obravnavati tematiko avtizma, saj jim je prikazana ena izmed možnosti, kako pri učencih razvijati empatijo in strpnost do drugačnosti pri urah slovenskega jezika.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Otroci s posebnimi potrebami, Avtizem, drugačnost, otrok, slikanica, sprejetost
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: A. Klanjšček
• Year: 2023
• Number of pages: 81 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-165870
• UDC: 376-053.2(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 219017219
• Publication date in RUL: 12.12.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Primary school students' attitudes towards the acceptance of children with special needs before and after reading the picture book Žan is different

Abstract

Children with special needs are children who have deficits in various areas. These include students with intellectual disabilities, students with specific learning difficulties, students with emotional and behavioural disorders, students with ADHD, students with communication disorders, blind or visually impaired students, deaf or hard of hearing students, chronically ill students, gifted students, and students with autism spectrum disorders. In my master's thesis, I focused on the latter. As the number of autistic children in primary school is increasing, and one of their main challenges is impaired communication with others, I have decided to explore the attitudes of students towards children with autism spectrum disorders in more detail. The study involves 50 students from the 2nd grade and 50 students from the 5th grade. I relied on the picture book ''Žan is different'' by author Helena Koncut Kraljič, which is about a boy with autism. Based on the results collected from a questionnaire consisting of 17 statements with a 5-point rating scale, we found that students in the 2nd and 5th grades, on average, had a negative attitude towards differences before the discussion of the book Žan is different. However, the analysis of the questionnaire responses after discussing the book Žan is different showed that students from both grades empathized with the main character and thus changed their attitude towards children with special needs. We also examined whether there were significant statistical differences in the increase of empathy between second graders and fifth graders after discussing the book Žan is different. The results indicated a greater increase in empathy among second graders compared to fifth graders after discussing the book Žan is different. This research impacts the importance of raising awareness about autism among children, as the data obtained demonstrated whether using a picture book can bring children closer to understanding differences and promote the development of empathy. The findings of this master's thesis can be helpful to teachers who wish to address the topic of autism in the classroom, as it presents one of the options for fostering empathy and tolerance towards differences in Slovene language lessons.

• Keywords: autism, acceptance, child, diversity, picture book