Vloga delovne terapije pri osebah z demenco, ki živijo v domačem okolju : diplomsko delo

Žolnir, Nina (author), Galof, Katarina (mentor), Sicherl, Zorana (reviewer)

Uvod: S staranjem prebivalstva se povečuje pojav bolezenskih stanj, med katerimi je eden najpogostejših demenca. Zaznamuje jo postopno upadanje kognitivnih funkcij, kar vpliva na človekovo sposobnost izvajanja vsakodnevnih aktivnosti, pri katerih potrebujejo vedno več pomoči, ki jo nudijo njihovi oskrbovalci. Namen delovne terapije je ohraniti in izboljšati kakovost posameznikovega zdravja skozi individualen in na osebo osredotočen pristop. Namen: Ugotoviti, kaj je do sedaj znanega o vključevanju delovnega terapevta v obravnavo oseb z demenco v domačem okolju in kakšnih intervencij se poslužujejo delovni terapevti. Metode dela: Izveden je bil pregled literature po smernicah Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Iskanje literature je potekalo v podatkovnih bazah CINAHL, OTSeeker, PubMed in Web of Science na podlagi vključitvenih in izključitvenih kriterijev ter s kombinacijo ključnih besed v angleškem jeziku, ki smo jih povezali z Boolovima operaterjema AND in OR. Omejili smo se na časovni okvir, in sicer med letoma 2014 in 2024. Postopek iskanja smo predstavili v PRISMA diagramu. 10 člankov smo ocenili po relevantnosti in 9 tudi po kakovosti. Rezultati: Iz vključenih 10 člankov smo izpeljali dve temi, in sicer: pristopi, ki jih delovni terapevti uporabljajo pri osebah z demenco v njihovem domačem okolju, ter namen delovne terapije pri obravnavi oseb z demenco v domačem okolju. Najpogosteje omenjena pristopa sta »Program prilagajanja aktivnosti za osebe z demenco in njene oskrbovalce« ter »Delovnoterapevtska obravnava oseb z demenco v skupnosti«. Pri osebah z demenco delovni terapevti izvajajo intervencije ocenjevanja in prilagajanja fizičnega in socialnega okolja, prilagajanja aktivnosti, uporabe senzornih vzpodbud, ohranjanje dnevnih rutin in predpisovanje podporne tehnologije. Oskrbovalcu osebe z demenco delovni terapevt nudi podporo, mu svetuje in ga izobražuje, uči pravilnega komuniciranja in tehnik sproščanja. Razprava in zaključek: Iz pregleda literature smo ugotovili, da so najbolj učinkovite intervencije tiste, ki so bile prilagojene glede na osebo z demenco in njenega oskrbovalca ter pomembnost obravnave oskrbovalca, ki predstavlja zelo velik del delovnoterapevtske obravnave na domu uporabnikov.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, delovna terapija, pregled literature, delovnoterapevtski pristopi, delovnoterapevtske intervencije, oskrbovalci, delovnoterapevtska obravnava
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [N. Žolnir]
• Year: 2024
• Number of pages: 26 str., [12] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-165864
• UDC: 615.851
• COBISS.SI-ID: 218893827
• Publication date in RUL: 12.12.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The role of occupational therapy for people with dementia that live at home : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: With the aging population, there is an increase in the occurrence of medical conditions, among which dementia is one of the most common. Dementia is characterized by a gradual decline in cognitive function, which affects a person’s ability to perform daily activities, leading them to require more and more assistance from their caregivers. The aim of occupational therapy is to maintain and improve the individuals health and quality of life through individual and person-centered approach. Purpose: To identify what is currently known about the involvement of occupational therapists in the care of people with dementia in the home environment, and what interventions occupational therapists use. Methods: A literature review was conducted following the guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Literature searches were carried out in the CINAHL, OTSeeker, PubMed and Web of Science databases, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and using a combination of keywords in English, connected by the Boolean operators AND and OR. We limited the search to the time frame between 2014 and 2024. The search process is presented in a PRISMA diagram. Ten articles were assessed for relevance and nine were evaluated for quality. Results: From the 10 included articles two main themes were derived: approaches used by occupational therapists for individuals with dementia in their home environment and the purpose of occupational therapy for individuals with dementia in their home environment. The most frequently mentioned approaches were “Tailored Activities for Persons with Dementia and Their Caregivers” and “Community Occupational Therapy in Dementia”. Occupational therapists working with people with dementia carry out interventions involving the assessment and adaptation of the physical and social environment, activity adaptation, use of sensory stimulation, maintenance of daily routines and prescription of assistive technologies. For the caregiver, the occupational therapist provides support, offers advice and education, teaches proper communication techniques and relaxation methods. Discussion and Conclusion: The literature review revealed that the most effective interventions are those tailored to the individual with dementia and their caregiver and that the care provided to the caregiver represents a significant part of home-based occupational therapy process.

• Keywords: diploma theses, occupational therapy, literature review, occupational therapy approaches, occupational therapy interventions, caregivers, occupational therapy process