Psychometric properties of the Slovenian versions of the diabetes empowerment scale, long and short form, among the Slovenian adults with type 2 diabetes

Virtič Potočnik, Tina (author), Miroševič, Špela (author), Mihevc, Matic (author), Zavrnik, Črt (author), Mori-Lukančič, Majda (author), Poplas-Susič, Tonka (author), Klemenc-Ketiš, Zalika (author)

Aims: To determine the psychometric properties of the Slovenian versions of the Diabetes Empowerment Scale (DES), both the long form (S-DES-LF) and the short form (S-DES-SF). Methods: Between April and September 2023, we recruited adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) using convenient sampling in five primary health centres. We examined internal consistency, test-retest reliability, criterion validity, and discriminant validity. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) evaluated the fit of the one-and three-factor models for S-DES-SF and S-DES-LF, respectively. Results: The results of 288 individuals, with a mean age of 67 ± 9.2 years, including 132 men and 156 women, showed excellent internal consistency and strong test-retest reliability for both the S-DES-LF (Cronbach's α=0.90; ICC=0.95) and S-DES-SF (α=0.91; ICC=0.92). Criterion validity of the S-DES-LF was confirmed through known-groups validity, with higher education (p=0.016) and absence of comorbid hypertension (p=0.034) associated with greater empowerment. Discriminant validity was demonstrated by the lack of significant correlations between the S-DES-LF and S-DES-SF scores with age or gender. CFA confirmed a good fit for the S-DES-SF's one-factor model but not for S-DES-LF three-factor model. Conclusions: S-DES-LF and S-DES-SF are valid and reliable tools for assessing diabetes empowerment in Slovenian people with T2D. Future research should further explore the convergent validity of scales.

• Language: English
• Keywords: disease management, empowerment, primary care, self-efficacy, type 2 diabetes, validation study
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
• Organization: MF - Faculty of Medicine
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Year: 2024
• Number of pages: Str. 660–668
• Numbering: Vol. 18, iss. 6
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-165174
• UDC: 616.379
• ISSN on article: 1751-9918
• DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2024.10.002
• COBISS.SI-ID: 212748803
• Publication date in RUL: 26.11.2024

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: Primary care diabetes
• Publisher: Elsevier, Primary Care Diabetes Europe
• ISSN: 1751-9918
• COBISS.SI-ID: 22925529

Licences

• License: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Description: This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: obvladovanje bolezni, opolnomočenje, primarna oskrba, samoučinkovitost, diabetes, tip 2, validacijska študija

Projects

• Funder: EC - European Commission
• Funding programme: H2020
• Project number: 825432
• Name: SCale Up an integrated care package for diaBetes and hYpertension for vulnerable people in Cambodia, Slovenia and Belgium
• Acronym: SCUBY