Primerjava med projektiranim in izvedenim stanjem izkopa in primarnega podpiranja predora s pomočjo tehnologije informacijskega modeliranja gradenj : magistrsko delo

Potarić, Blaž (author), Jovičić, Vojkan (mentor)

V današnjem času je optimizacija gradbenih projektov ključnega pomena, saj se soočamo s potrebo po hitri, stroškovno učinkoviti in kakovostni izvedbi del. Med različnimi področji gradbeništva je predorogradnja ena izmed najbolj nepredvidljivih, saj se pogosto srečujemo z geološkimi spremembami in izzivi na terenu. S pomočjo tehnologije BIM (angl. Building Information Modeling) lahko takšne izzive učinkoviteje obvladujemo in optimiziramo celoten proces gradnje, kar vodi do nižjih stroškov izvedbe in višje kakovosti končanega projekta. Cilj magistrskega dela je predstaviti, kako lahko s pomočjo BIM modeliranja in orodij za BIM spremljavo natančno in nazorno analiziramo razlike med projektiranimi in izvedenimi 3D BIM modeli. Pridobljene rezultate lahko kasneje uporabimo za podrobnejše analize ter ugotovimo, kje in zakaj je prišlo do morebitnih odstopanj od PZI projekta. Zbrani podatki, ki so dinamični in se med gradnjo nenehno posodabljajo, omogočajo naročniku, projektantu in izvajalcu lažje odločanje pri izzivih med izvedbo, hkrati bodo v prihodnosti olajšali vzdrževanje zgrajenega objekta oziroma njegovo morebitno rekonstrukcijo. V teoretičnem delu magistrskega dela opisujemo NATM metodo (nova avstrijska metoda predorogradnje), ki se uvršča med najučinkovitejše metode gradnje predorov v Sloveniji. NATM, znana po svoji prilagodljivosti, zahteva fleksibilne gradbene pogodbe, zato smo podrobno pojasnili tudi standard ÖNORM B 2203 in matrično metodo, ki je leta 1994 uvedla inovativni pristop k ocenjevanju stroškov pri gradnji predorov. V praktičnem delu magistrskega dela smo predstavili celoten postopek izdelave 3D BIM modela vzhodne cevi predora Karavanke (za projektirano in izvedeno stanje). S pomočjo programske opreme MatM, ki jo je razvilo podjetje IRGO Consulting d. o. o., smo modela primerjali in analizirali glede na razlike v količinah izkopa in primarnega podpiranja predora v različnih izkopnih fazah.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: predor, nova avstrijska metoda gradnje predorov (NATM), podporni tipi, matrična metoda, 3D BIM, 3D BIM modeliranje, MatM
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: NTF - Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: B. Potarić
• Year: 2024
• Number of pages: [14] f., 116 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-165173
• UDC: 622
• COBISS.SI-ID: 220024835
• Publication date in RUL: 26.11.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Comparison between designed and executed tunnel excavation and primary support with use of BIM technology : master's thesis

Abstract

In today's construction industry, the optimization of projects is of high importance, as there is a growing need for fast, cost-effective, and high-quality execution of work. Among various sectors of construction, tunnelling is one of the most unpredictable due to frequent geological changes and on-site challenges. By using BIM (Building Information Modelling) technology, these challenges can be managed more effectively, optimizing the entire construction process, which leads to reduced costs and improved quality of the final project. The objective of this master's thesis is to demonstrate how BIM modelling and monitoring tools can be used to precisely and clearly analyse the differences between designed and as-built 3D BIM models. The obtained results can later be used for detailed analyses, helping identify where and why deviations from the main design occurred. The collected data, which is dynamic and constantly updated throughout construction period, allows for easier decision-making by the client, designer, and contractor during the execution phase, while also facilitating future maintenance or potential reconstruction of the built structure. In the theoretical part of the thesis, we described the NATM method (New Austrian Tunnelling Method), which is considered to be one of the most effective tunnelling methods in Slovenia due to its geological characteristics. NATM, known for its adaptability, requires flexible construction contracts, which is why we also provided a detailed explanation of the ÖNORM B 2203 standard and the matrix method that introduced an innovative approach to cost estimation in tunnelling projects in 1994. In the practical part of the thesis, we presented the entire process of creating a 3D BIM model of the eastern tube of the Karavanke Tunnel (for both the designed and as-built states). Using MatM software, developed by IRGO Consulting d.o.o., we compared and analysed the models with respect to differences in excavation volumes and primary support elements in various excavation phases.

• Keywords: tunnel, New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM), support types, matrix method, 3D BIM, 3D BIM modeling, MatM