Fetomaternalni mikrohimerizem: pregled literature o vplivu fetalnega mikrohimerizma na rakava obolenja pri materi : diplomsko delo

Altbauer, Darja (author), Mivšek, Ana Polona (mentor), Stanek Zidarič, Tita (reviewer)

Uvod: Fetomaternalni mikrohimerizem je pojav, ki predstavlja prisotnost majhnega števila materinih celic v tkivih otroka ali obratno. Prenos celic med materjo in plodom je bil ugotovljen le pri sesalcih, kjer se plod razvija v maternici in je preko placente povezan z mamo. Ta fenomen, ki ga je prvi opisal nemški zdravnik Georg Schmorl, leta 1893, še vedno predstavlja izziv za raziskovalce na področju reproduktivne imunologije in medicinske genetike. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je s pomočjo pregleda strokovne in znanstvene literature preučiti in predstaviti fetomaternalni mikrohimerizem, predvsem pa njegov vpliv na patofiziologijo matere po nosečnosti; natančneje vpliv na razvoj rakavega obolenja pri materi. Metode dela: Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna oziroma opisna metoda dela. Podatki so bili zbrani s pregledom in kritičnim izborom strokovne in znanstvene literature. Pregledali smo tuje in slovenske podatkovne baze, kot so Cinahl, Cochrane Library, DiKul, Medline, PubMed in ScienceDirect. Uporabljena je bila literatura v angleškem jeziku, v časovnem okvirju od leta 2014 do 2024. Rezultati: V pregled literature je bilo vključenih 8 študij. Dve od teh metodološko izstopata, saj sta zelo pomanjkljivo predstavili metode raziskovanja. Kljub temu smo jih v pregledu uporabili, saj se večina rezultatov sklada z ugotovitvami drugih študij, ki so metodološko močne. Analiza vključenih študij je pokazala, da je vpliv fetalnih celic v krvi matere še vedno zelo neznano področje in so si rezultati v raziskavah nasprotujoči. Predvsem se govori o dveh možnih vplivih fetalnih celic na patofiziologijo matere. Prva domneva je, da bi fetalne celice lahko koristile zdravju matere in izboljšale okrevanje pri karcinomskem obolenju. Medtem si drugi raziskovalci postavljajo vprašanje ali morda fetalne celice ne diferencirajo v tumorske in s tem prispevajo k napredovanju bolezni. Razprava in zaključek: Po analizi dobljenih virov je trenutno več rezultatov, ki kažejo na pozitivno vlogo fetalnih celic v materinem organizmu, vendar so potrebne dodatne študije, predvsem s poenotenim sistemom raziskovanja in vrednotenja, da bodo lahko rezultati primerljivi.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: mikrohimerizem, nosečnost, fetalne celice, rak, tumor, DNA, placentarni prenos, plod
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [D. Altbauer]
• Year: 2024
• Number of pages: 37 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-165145
• UDC: 618.2/.7
• COBISS.SI-ID: 216259075
• Publication date in RUL: 24.11.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Fetomaternal microchimerism: literature review on the effect of fetal microchimerism on maternal cancers : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Fetomaternal microchimerism is a phenomenon that represents the presence of a small number of maternal cells in the tissues of the baby, or vice versa. The transfer of cells between mother and foetus has only been observed in mammals, where the foetus develops in the uterus and is connected to the mother by the placenta. This phenomenon, first described by the German physician Georg Schmorl in 1893, continues to challenge researchers in the fields of reproductive immunology and medical genetics. Purpose: The aim of this paper is to review the scientific and professional literature to study and present fetomaternal microchimerism and, in particular, its impact on maternal pathophysiology after pregnancy; more specifically, its impact on the development of maternal cancer. Methods: Data were collected by reviewing and critically selecting professional and scientific literature. We searched foreign and Slovenian databases such as Cinahl, Cochrane Library, DiKul, Medline, PubMed, ScienceDirect. Literature in English language was used, with a time frame from 2014 to 2024. Results: 8 studies were included in the review. Two of them stand out methodologically because they are very poor in the description of the research methods. Nevertheless, we included them in the review because most of the results are consistent with those of other methodologically strong studies. The analysis of the included studies showed that the effect of foetal cells in the mother's blood is still a very unknown area and that the results of the studies are contradictory. In particular, there are two possible effects of fetal cells on maternal pathophysiology. The first hypothesis is that fetal cells could benefit maternal health and improve cancer recovery. Meanwhile, other researchers have questioned whether fetal cells could differentiate into tumour cells and thus contribute to disease progression. Discussion and conclusion: After analysing the available sources, there are currently several results that suggest a positive role of fetal cells in the maternal organism, but further studies are needed, especially with a unified research and evaluation system to make the results comparable.

• Keywords: microchimerism, pregnancy, fetal cell, cancer, tumor, DNA, placental transfer, fetus