Delovna terapija in motnje spanja starejših odraslih : diplomsko delo

Petek, Lara (author), Mihevc, Špela (mentor), Galof, Katarina (reviewer)

Uvod: Življenjska doba se podaljšuje, s seboj prinaša tudi socialne, ekonomske in politične izzive. V diplomskem delu se osredotočamo na delovno terapijo pri starejših odraslih, ki imajo težave s spanjem. Tretjino življenja prespimo, spanje vpliva tudi na delovanje čez dan, zato je kakovost spanca še posebej pomembna. Ko govorimo o težavah s spanjem, se nanašamo na zmanjšano kakovost in količino spanja. Sčasoma lahko težave s spanjem vplivajo tudi na kakovost življenja. Delovni terapevti se še ne vključujejo v obravnavo težav s spanjem v celoti. Ameriško združenje delovnih terapevtov spanje opredeljuje kot okupacijo in delovne terapevte prepoznava kot strokovnjake za pomoč starejšim odraslim, da osvojijo spalne navade. S tem tudi izboljšajo vsakodnevno delovanje. Namen: Namen je bil preučiti literaturo o tem, kako posledice pomanjkanja spanja vplivajo na kakovost življenja starejših odraslih z vidika delovne terapije in kako se delovna terapija vključuje pri obravnavi motenj spanja starejših. Metode dela: Izveden je bil pregled literature s pomočjo mrežnika za oddaljen dostop Univerze v Ljubljani. Pregledali smo naslednje bibliografske baze: Web of Science, CINAHL in PubMed. Določili smo izključitvene in vključitvene kriterije in iskali s pomočjo ključnih besed. Zraven smo določili še stopnjo dokazov. Rezultati: V končno analizo je bilo vključenih sedem člankov. S tematsko analizo smo oblikovali tri teme: posledice motenj spanja pri starejših odraslih in njihov vpliv na kakovost življenja; intervencije delovne terapije pri motnjah spanja starejših odraslih; vpliv organizacije okolja na spanje. Razprava in zaključek: Spanje pri starejših je zelo pomembno. Posledice pomanjkanja lahko vodijo v zmanjšanje kakovosti življenja, potrebo po pomoči, izključitev iz okupacije in posledično se lahko sami umaknejo iz družbe. Kot intervencije delovne terapije so izpostavljene spalna edukacija, vzpostavitev nočne rutine, omejitve aktivnosti v spalnih prostorih in omejevanja spanja podnevi ter zapolnitev dneva z drugimi aktivnostmi, ki blagodejno vplivajo na spanje. Kot najpogosteje uporabljeni ocenjevalni instrumenti so bili izpostavljeni Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in spalni dnevniki. Potreba po obravnavi težav s spanjem starejših odraslih narašča in delovna terapija lahko pri tem pomaga.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, delovna terapija, delovno-terapevtska obravnava spanja, kakovost življenja, gerontologija
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [L. Petek]
• Year: 2024
• Number of pages: 24 str., [3] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-164930
• UDC: 615.851
• COBISS.SI-ID: 215313411
• Publication date in RUL: 17.11.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Occupational therapy and sleep disorders of older adults : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Life expectancy increases, bringing social, economic and political challenges. In our paper, we focus on occupational therapy (OT) for older adults suffering from sleep problems. We spend a third of our lives sleeping, which also affects our functioning during the day, so the quality of sleep is particularly important. When we talk about sleep disorders, we mean reduced quality and quantity of sleep. Over time, sleep disorders can have an impact on quality of life. Occupational therapists (OTh) are not yet fully involved in the treatment of sleep problems. The AOTA recognizes sleep as a profession and occupational therapists as experts, helping older adults master sleep habits to improve daily functioning. Aim: This paper aims to examine the literature on how the consequences of sleep deprivation affect the quality of life of older adults from the perspective of occupational therapy and how occupational therapy is incorporated into the treatment of sleep disorders. Methods: A literature search was conducted with remote access to the databases of the University of Ljubljana. We searched the bibliographic databases Web of Science, CINAHL and PubMed. We defined the exclusion and inclusion criteria and searched using the keywords. We also determined the level of evidence at the same time. Results: In the final analysis, we identified seven articles. Using the thematic analysis, we defined 3 themes: consequences of sleep disorders and their effect on the quality of life from the OT perspective; OT interventions for sleep disorders in older adults; the influence of environmental organization on sleep. Discussion and conclusion: Sleep is very important for older adults. The consequences of sleep deprivation can lead to deterioration in quality of life, need for support, exclusion from work and, over time, withdrawal from society. OT interventions include sleep education, establishing a nighttime routine, limiting sleep-related activities, and sleep restriction – limiting sleep during the day and replenishing it with other activities that promote sleep. The most commonly used tool to assess sleep was the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and sleep diaries. The need to treat sleep problems in older adults is increasing, and occupational therapy can help.

• Keywords: diploma theses, occupational therapy, occupational therapy treatment of sleep, quality of life, gerontology