Deinstitucionalizacija na področju oseb z motnjami v duševnem razvoju

Troha, Hana (author), Razpotnik, Špela (mentor), Vrhovski Mohorič, Mojca (comentor)

Institucionalna oskrba je, kljub diskurzivnem premiku stroke proti deinstitucionalizaciji, še vedno realnost mnogih ljudi z motnjami v duševnem razvoju. V teoretičnem delu magistrskega dela smo najprej na kratko orisali zgodovino “norosti”, saj je konstruiranje drugačnosti skozi čas, pomembno zaznamovalo tudi današnjo percepcijo in obravnavo oseb z motnjo v duševnem razvoju. V času po industrijski revoluciji je potreba po delovno zmožnem telesu še dodatno poglobila nasprotje med nehendikepiranimi in hendikepiranimi ter legitimizirala oskrbo v totalnih ustanovah. Institucije še danes predstavljajo protigospodinjski in protisocialen prostor, kjer se stanovalci priučijo nemoči in ne usvajajo kompetenc za življenje v družbi. Izoliranost in priučena nemoč pa posamezniku onemogoča izvajanje socialno valoriziranih vlog, ki so ključne pri oblikovanju pozitivne identitete in rezilientnosti. V 20. stoletju, je prišlo do novega, bolj socialnega razumevanja hendikepiranih. Gre za procese, ki poskušajo uporabnikom vrniti kontorolo nad lastnim življenjem, jih opolnomočiti za samostojno življenje in jim omogočiti življenje v skupnosti. V raziskovalnem delu smo se osredotočili na kvalitativno analizo življenja v instituciji in v skupnostni obliki bivanja. Z metodo opazovanja z udeležbo, smo ocenjevali stopnjo vpliva posameznika na oblikovanje celokupnega načrta in razporeditev moči pri odločitvah v življenju uporabnika in stopnjo transinstitucionalizacije v skupnostni obliki bivanja, Prav tako smo opazovali kako in na kakšen način je posameznik vključen v okolje. Iz interpretacije analize raziskave povzemam, da so načela deinstitucionalizacije v večji meri opazna v bivalni enoti kot v zavodu. Prav tako so stanovalci bivalne enote v večji meri vključeni v okolje.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: deinstitucionalizacija, osebe z motnjo v duševnem razvoju, totalna institucija
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: H. Troha
• Year: 2024
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-164509
• COBISS.SI-ID: 213559299
• Publication date in RUL: 28.10.2024

TROHA, Hana, 2024, Deinstitucionalizacija na področju oseb z motnjami v duševnem razvoju [online]. Master’s thesis. Ljubljana : H. Troha. [Accessed 18 May 2025]. Retrieved from: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=164509

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Deinstitutionalisation in the area of people with intellectual disabilities

Abstract

Institutional care, despite the discursive shift in the field towards deinstitutionalization, remains a reality for many people with intellectual disabilities. In the theoretical part of this master's thesis, we first briefly outlined the history of "madness," as the construction of otherness over time has significantly influenced today's perception and treatment of people with intellectual disabilities. Following the Industrial Revolution, the need for a capable workforce further deepened the divide between the non-disabled and the disabled, legitimizing care in total institutions. Even today, institutions represent anti-household and anti-social spaces where residents learn helplessness and fail to acquire the skills necessary for living in society. Isolation and learned helplessness prevent individuals from taking on socially valued roles, which are key to shaping a positive identity and resilience. In the 20th century, a new, more social understanding of disability emerged. These processes aim to restore control over one's own life to users, empower them for independent living, and enable them to live in the community. In the research part, we focused on a qualitative analysis of life in an institution versus community-based living. Using the method of participant observation, we evaluated the individual's level of influence over shaping their care package, the distribution of power in life decisions, and the degree of transinstitutionalization in community living arrangements. We also observed how and in what ways individuals are integrated into environment. Based on the interpretation of the research analysis, I conclude that the principles of deinstitutionalization are more evident in residential units than in institutions. Likewise, residents of community living units are more integrated into environment.

• Keywords: deinstitutionalization, people with intellectual disabilities, total institution