RAVNANJE Z ODPADKI V OBČINI ŠKOFJA LOKA

Basaj, Anže (author), Bajt, Oliver (mentor)

V diplomski nalogi so obravnavane teme s področja odpadkov in njihovega vpliva na okolje. Naraščanje količine odpadkov je odraz rasti prebivalstva in urbanizacije, pri čemer odpadki nastajajo v proizvodnih procesih, industriji in komunalnih dejavnostih. Trdni komunalni odpadki vključujejo trajne in netrajne dobrine, embalažo, ostanke hrane ter anorganske odpadke. Neustrezno ravnanje z odpadki lahko povzroči onesnaženje vode, tal in zraka, kar ima negativne posledice za javno zdravje. V nalogi so predstavljene različne vrste odpadkov, kot so komunalni, nevarni, živilski komunalni odpadki in medicinski odpadki, ter njihov vpliv na okolje in zdravje ljudi. Obravnavane so lastnosti teh odpadkov in primerjave z alternativnimi metodami ravnanja. Diplomska naloga vključuje analizo zakonodaje in politik ravnanja z odpadki, vključno z evropskimi direktivami in slovensko uredbo, ki spodbujajo ločevanje, recikliranje in zmanjševanje količine odpadkov. Predstavljene so tehnologije in prakse, ki omogočajo zmanjšanje onesnaževanja z odpadki, s poudarkom na krožnem gospodarstvu, zmanjšanju porabe virov in spremembi potrošniških navad. V empiričnem delu naloge je bila izvedena anketa med prebivalci občine Škofja Loka, da bi ugotovili njihovo ozaveščenost in prakse glede ločevanja odpadkov. Rezultati ankete so pokazali, da velika večina prebivalcev dosledno ločuje odpadke, kar prispeva k zmanjšanju količine odpadkov na odlagališčih. Anketa je razkrila, da prebivalci redno uporabljajo zbirni center Draga in menijo, da je število ekoloških otokov v občini zadostno. Kljub temu je nekaj anketirancev izrazilo potrebo po več ekoloških otokih, kar kaže na možnost izboljšav v infrastrukturi za ravnanje z odpadki. Spoznal sem, da imajo odpadki velik negativen vpliv na okolje in zdravje ljudi. Kljub temu se večina prebivalcev ne zaveda vseh posledic, ki jih prinaša nepravilno ravnanje z odpadki. Škodljivih emisij ne bo nikoli mogoče popolnoma izničiti, vendar jih je mogoče s pravilnim pristopom znatno zmanjšati. Po mojem mnenju so tehnologije in prakse, ki se razvijajo za zmanjšanje onesnaževanja z odpadki, na pravi poti za dosego tega cilja v prihodnjih letih. Alternativne metode ravnanja z odpadki in spodbujanje recikliranja bodo igrale ključno vlogo pri ohranjanju čistejšega okolja. Zaradi vse strožjih ukrepov s strani držav in Evropske unije se bo uporaba teh metod v prihodnjih letih zagotovo povečala.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: odpadki, politika ravnanja z odpadki, standardi in direktive, ločevanje in predelava, empirična raziskava.
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: FPP - Faculty of Maritime Studies and Transport
• Year: 2024
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-164392
• Publication date in RUL: 24.10.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF ŠKOFJA LOKA

Abstract

The thesis addresses waste management and its environmental impact. The increase in waste is due to population growth and urbanization, with waste generated in manufacturing processes, industry, and municipal activities. Municipal solid waste includes durable and non-durable goods, packaging, food residues, and inorganic waste. Improper waste management can cause water, soil, and air pollution, negatively affecting public health. The thesis presents different types of waste, such as hazardous, food, and medical waste, and their impact on the environment and human health. It discusses the characteristics of these wastes and compares alternative waste management methods. The thesis includes an analysis of waste management legislation and policies, including European directives and Slovenian regulations, which promote waste separation, recycling, and waste reduction. It outlines technologies and practices that reduce waste pollution, emphasizing the circular economy, resource consumption reduction, and changes in consumer habits. In the empirical part of the thesis, a survey was conducted among residents of the municipality of Škofja Loka to determine their awareness and practices regarding waste separation. The survey results showed that the vast majority of residents consistently separate waste, contributing to the reduction of waste at landfills. The survey revealed that residents regularly use the Draga collection center and believe that the number of ecological islands in the municipality is sufficient. However, some respondents expressed the need for more ecological islands, indicating potential improvements in waste management infrastructure. I have learned that waste has a significant negative impact on the environment and human health. Despite this, most residents are unaware of all the consequences of improper waste management. Harmful emissions can never be completely eliminated, but they can be significantly reduced with the right approach. In my opinion, the technologies and practices being developed to reduce waste pollution are on the right track to achieving this goal in the coming years. Alternative waste management methods and the promotion of recycling will play a crucial role in maintaining a cleaner environment. Due to increasingly stringent measures by countries and the European Union, the use of these methods will undoubtedly increase in the coming years.

• Keywords: waste, waste management policy, standards and directives, separation and recycling, empirical research.