Existence and prevention of social exclusion of religious university students due to stereotyping

Tkáčová, Hedviga (author)

Man is born into a tangle of standard processes and behaviour patterns created and modified over time. Through gradual socialization, he acquires the attributes of his own culture and gets acquainted with the admissible modus operandi for the social group he is a member of; he also deepens these principles and confronts them with the experiences of others. Stereotyping is a process that represents the initial classification of phenomena and people, which it categorizes into groups and assigns them positive or negative characteristics. Stereotypes form the ideas that people have about themselves and ,their‘ group with which they identify and are aimed at members of other groups with which they do not identify. Negative stereotypes about other people arise from pursuing one’s own positive social identity and positive self-presentation. Stereotyping of believers occurs precisely because of perceived differences between ,we‘ and ,them‘ (for example, in attitudes and values, possibly in ,religious‘ practice). Stereotypes are often the unconscious ,beginning‘ of a range of known intolerant attitudes; they can lead to racism, anti-Semitism, ethnic discrimination, and other forms of intolerance. According to the experts, no nation has innate attitudes to hate, as they cannot be inherited in a biological-psychological sense. Intolerance is acquired, often to justify negative attitudes and behaviours. Using the qualitative method of guided group interviews (the so-called focus group), we examine the existence of stereotypes in university students towards their religious classmates. We consider the potential of social exclusion of young believers due to stereotypes and present current measures in prevention.

• Language: English
• Keywords: stereotype, social exclusion, social identity, adolescents, controlled interview
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
• Organization: TEOF - Theological Faculty
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Publication date: 01.01.2021
• Year: 2021
• Number of pages: Str. 199-223
• Numbering: Letn. 81, [št.] 1
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-163897
• UDC: 316.7:2
• ISSN on article: 0006-5722
• DOI: 10.34291/BV2021/01/Tkacova
• COBISS.SI-ID: 87031043
• Publication date in RUL: 14.10.2024

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: Bogoslovni vestnik
• Shortened title: Bogosl. vestn.
• Publisher: Bogoslovna akademija, Bogoslovna akademija, Teološka fakulteta v Ljubljani, Teološka fakulteta Univerze v Ljubljani, Založba Univerze v Ljubljani
• ISSN: 0006-5722
• COBISS.SI-ID: 8745472

Licences

• License: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Description: This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Title: Obstoj in preprečevanje družbenega izključevanja vernih študentov zaradi stereotipizacije

Abstract

Človek je z rojstvom postavljen v mrežo skupnih procesov in vedenjskih vzorcev, ki nastajajo in se spreminjajo skozi čas. Skozi postopno socializacijo prevzame značilnosti svoje kulture in spozna dovoljeni modus operandi družbene skupine, ki ji pripada; ta načela tudi poglobi in jih primerja z izkušnjami drugih. Stereotipizacija je proces, ki pomeni začetno razvrščanje pojavov in ljudi, vse pa nato kategorizira v skupine in jim pripiše pozitivne ali negativne lastnosti. Stereotipi oblikujejo predstave, ki jih imajo ljudje o sebi in o »svoji« skupini, s katero se identificirajo; usmerjeni so k članom drugih skupin, s katerimi se ne identificirajo. Negativni stereotipi o drugih ljudeh nastopijo z namenom krepitve svoje pozitivne identitete in pozitivnega vrednotenja samega sebe. Stereotipizacija vernikov se rodi prav zaradi prepoznanih razlik med ,nami‘ in ,njimi‘ (npr. v načinu vedenja in pri vrednotah, morda tudi pri ,religiozni‘ praksi). Stereotipi pogosto pomenijo nezavedni ,začetek‘ vrste znanih nestrpnih drž; vodijo lahko k rasizmu, antisemitizmu, etnični diskriminaciji in k drugim oblikam nestrpnosti. V skladu z ugotovitvami strokovnjakov ne obstaja narod, ki bi imel prirojeno sovraštvo, saj se to ne more dedovati v biološko-psihološkem smislu. Nestrpnost je naučena, pogosto zato, da bi z njo upravičevali negativno razpoloženje in vedenje. Na podlagi kvalitativne metode skupinsko vodenih intervjujev (fokusna skupina) preučujemo obstoj stereotipov med univerzitetnimi študenti v razmerju do njihovih vernih sošolcev. Obravnavamo potencial družbenega izključevanja mladih vernikov zaradi stereotipov in predstavimo aktualne ukrepe na področju preprečevanja takšnih fenomenov.

• Keywords: stereotip, družbeno izključevanje, družbena identiteta, adolescenti, kontrolirani intervju