Pomen mišic medeničnega dna pri urinski inkontinenci in vaje za njihovo krepitev : diplomsko delo

Đurić, Adriana (author), Sotler, Robert (mentor), Boc, Anja (comentor), Gošnak Dahmane, Raja (reviewer)

Uvod: Mišice medeničnega dna imajo pomembno vlogo pri podpori medeničnih organov, vključno s sečili, rodili in danko, in pri vzdrževanju nadzora nad izločanjem urina in blata. Urinska inkontinenca je izraz, s katerim opisujemo vsako nehoteno uhajanje urina. Čeprav gre za razširjen pojav, ki tekom življenja prizadene približno 75 % ljudi, pa zgolj četrtina prizadetih poišče pomoč. Konservativno zdravljenje predstavlja prvi korak pri obravnavi in odpravljanju težav. Pomembno vlogo pri njem ima tudi medicinska sestra. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je s pomočjo ustrezne domače in tuje strokovne in znanstvene literature raziskati anatomijo mišic medeničnega dna, opredeliti urinsko inkontinenco in z njo povezane težave, in ugotoviti vlogo medicinske sestre pri oskrbi bolnikov z urinsko inkontinenco. Metode dela: V diplomskem delu smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo dela s pregledom strokovne in znanstvene literature, iskane v spletnih podatkovnih bazah PubMed in ScienceDirect. Rezultati: Izraz mišice medeničnega dna zajema medenično diafragmo s fascijami, ki tvori podporno viseči mreži podobno strukturo na dnu medenice, in mišice perineja. Urinska inkontinenca pomeni nehoteno odvajanje urina. To je pogosta težava, za katero se domneva, da prizadene milijone ljudi. Za zdravljenje urinske inkontinence obstaja veliko konservativnih metod, kot so vaje za krepitev mišic medeničnega dna, električna ali magnetna stimulacija mišic medeničnega dna, pa tudi sprememba življenjskega sloga itd. Z analizo predhodnih študij smo ugotovili, da se za zdravljenje urinske inkontinence uporabljajo različne metode, ki prinašajo dobre rezultate zdravljenja bolnikov. Medicinska sestra ima pomembno vlogo pri ocenjevanju in zdravljenju urinske inkontinence ter pri podpori bolnika z urinsko inkontinenco. Razprava in zaključek: Urinska inkontinenca je pogosto stanje, ki lahko pomembno vpliva na vsakdanje življenje posameznika. Z razumevanjem različnih vrst urinske inkontinence, prepoznavanjem dejavnikov tveganja in poznavanjem različnih možnosti zdravljenja lahko posamezniki učinkovito obvladujejo to stanje in izboljšajo kakovost svojega življenja. Na splošno je vloga medicinske sestre pri urinski inkontinenci večplastna in bistvena pri zagotavljanju celostne oskrbe posameznikov z urinsko inkontinenco.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, zdravstvena nega, urinska inkontinenca, mišice medeničnega dna, vaje mišic medeničnega dna, metode zdravljenja urinske inkontinence, medicinske sestre
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [A. Đurić]
• Year: 2024
• Number of pages: 38 str., [2] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-163718
• UDC: 616-083
• COBISS.SI-ID: 211188483
• Publication date in RUL: 10.10.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The importance of the pelvic floor muscles in urinary incontinence and pelvic floor training : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: The pelvic floor muscles play an important role in supporting the pelvic organs, including the urinary tract, uterus, and rectum, and in controlling the elimination of urine and feces. Urinary incontinence is any involuntary loss of urine. Although it is a widespread phenomenon, affecting around 75% of people in their lifetime, only a quarter of those affected seek help. Conservative treatment is the first step in treating and correcting the problems. The nurse also plays an important role in this. Purpose: The aim of the thesis is to investigate the anatomy of the pelvic floor muscles, define urinary incontinence and the problems associated with it, and determine the role of the nurse in the care of patients with urinary incontinence using relevant domestic and international professional and scientific literature. Methods: In the thesis, we used a descriptive working method with a review of professional and scientific literature, searched in the online databases PubMed and ScienceDirect. Results: The term pelvic floor muscles includes the pelvic diaphragm with fascia, which forms a supportive hammock-like structure in the pelvic floor, and the perineal muscles. Urinary incontinence is the involuntary leakage of urine. This is a common problem that is believed to affect millions of people. There are many conservative methods to treat urinary incontinence, e.g. exercises to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles, electrical or magnetic stimulation of the pelvic floor muscles, lifestyle changes, etc. By analyzing previous studies, we have found that various methods are used to treat urinary incontinence, which bring good results in the treatment of patients. The nurse plays an important role in the assessment and treatment of urinary incontinence and in supporting patients with urinary incontinence. Discussion and conclusion: Urinary incontinence is a common condition that can significantly affect a person's daily life. Understanding the different types of urinary incontinence, recognizing the risk factors, and knowing the different treatment options, can effectively manage the condition and improve one's quality of life. Overall, the role of the urinary incontinence nurse is multifaceted and essential in providing holistic care for people with urinary incontinence.

• Keywords: diploma theses, nursing care, urinary incontinence, pelvic floor muscles, pelvic floor muscle exercises, urinary incontinence treatment methods, nurses