Telesna vadba za razvoj moči za ljudi s srčno-žilnimi obolenji

Štrancar, Klemen (author), Tomažin, Katja (mentor)

Srčno-žilna obolenja, predvsem koronarna arterijska bolezen (KAB) in možganska kap so vodilni vzrok umrljivosti v svetu. K razvoju in napredovanju srčno-žilnih obolenj prispeva predvsem sedeč način življenja, s stalno nizko stopnjo telesne dejavnosti. Magistrsko delo je bilo namenjeno predstavitvi najnovejših smernic za krepitev moči pri osebah s KAB ter pregledu akutnih in kroničnih učinkov vadbe na mišično-živčni in srčno-žilni sistem teh oseb. Glavni cilj naloge je bil oblikovanje vadbenih kartic, ki bi olajšale vodeno ali samostojno vadbo za krepitev moči pri osebah s KAB. Pregledali smo literaturo, v bazah PubMed, PEDro in Schoolar, kjer smo upoštevali vključitvene in izključitvene kriterije. Želeli smo ugotoviti katere metode vadb za moč so najučinkovitejše in kakšni so učinki teh metod na osebe s KAB. V preteklosti je veljalo, da je vadba za moč kontraindicirana pri osebah s srčno-žilnimi obolenji, vendar so pregledane raziskave pokazale, da je takšna vadba tako varna kot učinkovita. Raziskave kažejo, da vadba za moč pri osebah s KAB koristi srčno-žilnemu zdravju. Z vadbo za moč povečamo mišično moč in vzdržljivost, kar prispeva k izboljšanju splošne telesne zmogljivosti in boljši kakovosti življenja. Podrobno smo predstavili metodiko vadbe, kjer smo osebe s KAB razdelili glede na osnovno znanje in njihovo pripravljenost. Razdelili smo jih v tri skupine: (1) osnovna raven (2) srednja raven in (3) napredna raven. Izbira vaj je prilagojena akutnemu odzivu srčno-žilnega sistema ob koncu posamezne serije in je tudi prilagojena trem ravnem (osnovni, srednji, napredni). Ravni težavnosti vadbenega programa se postopoma povečujejo, tako da prva različica programa predstavlja najlažjo, tretja pa najtežjo izvedbo programa. Na ta način lahko vsak posameznik prilagodi vadbo svoji trenutni telesni pripravljenosti in napredku.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: srčno-žilna obolenja, arterijska koronarna bolezen, vadba za moč, telesna aktivnost, telesna vadba
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: FŠ - Faculty of Sport
• Year: 2024
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-162740
• Publication date in RUL: 27.09.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Physical exercise to develop strength for persons with cardiovascular diseases

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases, particularly coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke, are the leading causes of mortality worldwide. A sedentary lifestyle with consistently low levels of physical activity significantly contributes to the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. This master's thesis aims to present the latest guidelines for strength training in individuals with coronary artery disease and review the acute and chronic effects of exercise on the neuromuscular and cardiovascular systems of these individuals. The primary goal of this thesis was to develop exercise cards designed to facilitate guided or independent strength training for individuals with CAD. We conducted a literature review using databases such as PubMed, PEDro, and Google Scholar, adhering to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Our goal was to identify the most effective strength training methods and their impact on individuals with CAD. In the past, strength training was considered contraindicated for individuals with cardiovascular diseases. However, the reviewed studies demonstrate that such training is both safe and effective. Research shows that strength training benefits cardiovascular health in individuals with CAD. Strength training increases muscle strength and endurance, which contributes to improving overall physical performance and enhancing quality of life. We presented the exercise methodology in detail, where individuals with CAD were categorized based on their basic knowledge and fitness level. They were divided into three groups: (1) beginner level, (2) intermediate level, and (3) advanced level. The selection of exercises was tailored to the acute cardiovascular response at the end of each set and was also adjusted for the three levels (beginner, intermediate, advanced). The difficulty levels of the exercise program progressively increase, with the first version representing the easiest and the third the most challenging. This approach allows each individual to adapt the workout to their current fitness level and progress over time.

• Keywords: cardiovascular diseases, coronary artery disease, resistance training, physical activity, physical exercise