Akutne hemolitične reakcije po transfuziji in vloga medicinskih sester : diplomsko delo

Kukovičič, Manca (author), Ovijač, Darja (mentor), Jovan, Boštjan (comentor), Thaler, Darja (reviewer)

Uvod: Ljudi je že od začetka človeštva impresionirala kri. Že najzgodnejše civilizacije so se zavedale njene pomembnosti in ključne vloge pri ohranjanju življenja. Vendar so kljub temu morala miniti tisočletja do prvih uspehov pri prenašanju krvi s človeka na človeka. Za tovrstne rezultate je bilo potrebno precejšnje razumevanje delovanja človeškega telesa, predvsem krvnih skupin. Smrtno nevarne reakcije se zaradi neskladnosti krvi največkrat pojavijo v prvih 15 minutah transfuzije. Med najnevarnejšimi so akutne hemolitične reakcije. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je s pomočjo literature predstaviti, kakšno vlogo imajo medicinske sestre pri transfuziji in kakšne so njihove naloge ob pojavu akutnih hemolitičnih reakcij. Metode dela: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo dela s pregledom slovenske in tuje strokovne ter znanstvene literature. Zbiranje literature je trajalo od septembra 2023 do februarja 2024. Za identifikacijo relevantne literature smo uporabili naslednje ključne besede: transfuzija, kri, medicinske sestre, hemolitične reakcije. Besede so bile kombinirane z Boolovim operatorjem AND. Vire smo iskali v različnih bibliografskih bazah, kot so: MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL Ultimate in DiKUL. Identificiranih je bilo 128.672 zadetkov. Rezultati: Rezultati prikazujejo, da so akutne hemolitične reakcije kompleksen pojav ob aplikaciji krvnih pripravkov, ki vsebujejo eritrocite. Sledenje strokovnim standardom zdravstvene nege zmanjšuje možnost nastanka napak in omogoča hitro detekcijo neželenih učinkov. Medicinske sestre imajo tukaj pomembno vlogo in odgovornost. Določene raziskave kažejo, da je znanje medicinskih sester na področju transfuzije krvnih pripravkov pomanjkljivo. Medicinske sestre potrebujejo več izobraževanja na področju transfuzije krvnih pripravkov, saj je znanje, ki ga pridobijo med študijem, omejeno, in če transfuzije krvnih komponent ne izvajajo pogosto, hitro pozabljeno. Razprava in zaključek: Medicinske sestre so na področju oskrbe, ki jo izvajajo, zelo pomemben dejavnik uspešnega transfuzijskega zdravljenja. Imeti morajo veliko znanja in obvladati veliko veščin za opravljanje transfuzijskih postopkov. Medicinske sestre, ki redko aplicirajo transfuzijo, nimajo toliko znanja iz tega področja, kakor medicinske sestre, ki se s tem srečujejo vsak dan. Menimo, da bi bilo treba izvajati dodatna strokovna izobraževanja in usposabljanja za medicinske sestre na področju transfuzije krvnih komponent, saj lahko s tem zagotovimo dodatno varnost in varno izvajanje vseh postopkov v dobrobit bolnikov.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, zdravstvena nega, transfuzija krvi, akutne hemolitične reakcije, transfuzijske reakcije
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [M. Kukovičič]
• Year: 2024
• Number of pages: 26 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-162334
• UDC: 616-083
• COBISS.SI-ID: 208463107
• Publication date in RUL: 21.09.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Acute hemolytic reactions after transfusion and the role of nurses : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: From the beginning of humanity, blood has fascinated people. The earliest civilizations were aware of its importance and its crucial role in sustaining life. However, it took millennia to achieve the first successes in blood transfusion between humans. Achieving these results required a substantial understanding of the human body, particularly blood groups. Life-threatening reactions, due to blood incompatibility, most often occur within the first 15 minutes of a transfusion. Among the most dangerous are acute hemolytic reactions. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis, is to use literature to explore the role of nurses in blood transfusion and to outline their responsibilities when acute hemolytic reactions occur. Methods: A descriptive method was used, reviewing Slovenian and international professional and scientific literature. The literature collection took place from September 2023 to February 2024. Relevant literature was identified using the following keywords: transfusion, blood, nurses, hemolytic reactions. These terms were combined with the Boolean operator AND. Sources were searched in various bibliographic databases, including MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL Ultimate, and DiKUL. A total of 128,672 results were identified. Results: The results show, that acute hemolytic reactions are a complex phenomenon associated with the administration of blood products containing erythrocytes. Adhering to professional nursing standards reduces the likelihood of errors and enables the quick detection of adverse effects. Nurses play a crucial role and carry significant responsibility in this process. Some studies indicate that nurses' knowledge of blood product transfusion is insufficient. Nurses require more education in blood product transfusion because the knowledge gained during their studies is limited, and if they do not frequently perform transfusions, it is quickly forgotten. Discussion and conclusion: Nurses are a key factor in the success of transfusion therapy. They must possess extensive knowledge and master numerous skills to carry out transfusion procedures effectively. Nurses who infrequently administer transfusions lack the same level of knowledge as those who perform it daily. It is suggested that additional professional education and training in blood component transfusion be provided for nurses to ensure enhanced safety and the safe execution of all procedures for the benefit of patients.

• Keywords: diploma theses, nursing care, blood transfusion, acute hemolytic reactions, transfusion reactions