Smiselnost priznanja pravne sposobnosti živali

Tomljenović, Paulina Mia (author), Novak, Aleš (mentor)

Celovito priznanje pravne sposobnosti živalim bi zanje pomenilo pridobitev možnosti biti nosilke pravic in dolžnosti. Ta možnost je vsebovana v statusu pravnega subjekta. Živali imajo trenutno status pravnega objekta, kakor velja že od prvih zametkov pravnih ureditev. Živalim bi bilo skladno z interesno teorijo o naravi pravice, predvsem zaradi njihove sposobnosti čutiti bolečino, mogoče legitimno priznati delno pravno sposobnost, torej zgolj možnost biti nosilke pravic; toda pri tem bi veliki oviri predstavljali potreba po določitvi praga stopnje zavesti, ki bi ga posamezna žival morala doseči zato, da bi tako možnost pridobila, in sama številčnost živali, ki bi posledično potrebovale pravne zastopnike, da bi v njihovem imenu pridobljene pravice dejansko uveljavljali. Trenutno so živali v pravu varovane posredno, preko človeških pravnih interesov. Ko bi jim želeli pravno priznati vsaj lastne interese, če že ne pravic, bi jih bilo na prvem mestu potrebno vključiti v moralni prostor in jim podeliti vlogo moralnih pacientov.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: žival, pravna sposobnost, pravni objekt, pravni subjekt, pravica, moralni pacient
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: PF - Faculty of Law
• Year: 2024
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-162267
• Publication date in RUL: 20.09.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The Sense in Granting Legal Capacity to Animals

Abstract

A full concession of legal capacity to animals would mean granting them the ability to hold rights and obligations. This ability is contained in the status of a legal subject. Currently, animals have the status of legal objects, as has been the case since the earliest formations of legal systems. In accordance with the interest theory of rights and primarily due to their ability to feel pain, it would be possible to legitimately concede legal capacity to animals in part, meaning only granting them the possibility of holding rights. However, two significant issues would arise: one in the need to establish a threshold level of consciousness that an individual animal would need to reach in order to gain this partial concession of legal capacity, and one in the sheer number of animals that would consequently require legal representatives to actually enforce the rights granted to them. Currently, animals are protected by law indirectly, via human legal interests. In order to legally recognize at least their own interests, if not rights, it would be necessary to first grant them the role of moral patients.

• Keywords: animal, legal capacity, legal object, legal subject, right, moral patient