Biotehnološke metode za določanje števila kopij gena za odpornost na sojino ogorčico Heterodera glycines in njihova uporaba v procesu žlahtnjenja soje

Jurečič, Klara (author), Štajner, Nataša (mentor)

Sojina ogorčica (angl. soybean cyst nematode oz. SCN) je eden izmed škodljivcev, ki najbolj prizadenejo hektarski donos soje. Učinkovita metoda obvladovanja bolezni, ki še vedno zagotavlja zadovoljiv donos je uporaba odpornih sort soje na sojino ogorčico. Zaradi dolgotrajne in pogoste rabe sort soje, ki izhajajo iz linij PI 88788 in Peking, se je škodljivec uspel na ta dva genetska vira odpornosti prilagoditi. Gre za lokusa rhg1 in Rhg4 v več alelnih različicah, saj nosita različno število kopij genov, ki določajo odpornost na SCN. Gre za alelne različice rhg1-a, rhg1-b, Rhg4-a,. Ravno zato se v znanosti posveča posebna pozornost karakterizaciji različnih genetskih virov odpornosti na SCN. Poznavanje števila kopij genov na lokusih povezanih z odpornostjo na SCN pri različnih linijah soje nam omogoča rabo različnih genetskih virov v programih žlahtnjenja. Z genetsko diverzifikacijo odpornih sort pa je možno znižati selekcijski pritisk na škodljivca in dolgotrajno zagotoviti pridelavo soje z zadovoljivim donosom pridelka.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: soja, Glycine max, sojina ogorčica, Heterodera glycines, število kopij gena, CNV, rhg1, Rhg4, lokus, QTL, PI 88788, žlahtnjenje, kmetijstvo
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Year: 2024
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-161847
• COBISS.SI-ID: 207629571
• Publication date in RUL: 15.09.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Biotechnological methods for the determination of the copy number of the soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines resistance gene and their application in the soybean breeding process

Abstract

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is one of the pests that most affect soybean yields per hectare. An effective method of controlling the disease that still ensures satisfactory yields is the use of soybean varieties resistant to soybean cyst nematode. Due to the long and frequent use of soybean varieties derived from the PI 88788 and Peking lines, the pest has managed to adapt to these two genetic sources of resistance. The rhg1 and Rhg4 loci are in several allelic variants, as they carry different numbers of copies of the genes conferring resistance to SCN. The allelic variants are rhg1-a, rhg1-b, Rhg4-a. It is for this reason that the characterisation of the different genetic sources of resistance to SCN has received particular attention in science. Knowing the copy number of genes at loci associated with resistance to SCN in different soybean lines allows us to use different genetic sources in breeding programmes. By genetically diversifying resistant varieties, it is possible to reduce the selection pressure on the pest and to ensure the production of soybean with satisfactory agricultural yields in the long term.

• Keywords: soybean, Glycine max, soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, copy number variation, CNV, rhg1, Rhg4, locus, QTL, breeding, agriculture