Učinek bis(2-etilheksil) ftalata na kopenskega raka vrste Porcellio scaber

Korpar, Taja (author), Jemec Kokalj, Anita (mentor)

Bis(2-etilheksil) ftalat (DEHP) je pogost mehčalec plastike, ki zaradi svoje dolgotrajne prisotnosti in toksičnih učinkov predstavlja pomembno okoljsko tveganje. Kot endokrini motilec lahko povzroči različne vplive na organizme. V naši raziskavi smo proučevali vpliv različnih koncentracij DEHP (0.5, 5, 50 in 100 mg/kg) na kopenske rake enakonožce vrste Porcellio scaber Latreille. Izvedli smo tri poskuse v različnih medijih z različnimi topili: prvi na listih z etilacetatom, ki je trajal tri tedne, ter dva na listih in zemlji z acetonom, ki sta trajala dva tedna. Spremljali smo preživetje, stopnjo prehranjevanja in iztrebljanja, učinkovitost asimilacije hrane (AE), imunske parametre (diferencialna gostota hemocitov (DHC), celokupna gostota hemocitov (THC), viabilnost celic) ter biokemijske parametre (aktivnost mitohondrijskega elektronskega transportnega sistema (ETS) in glutation S-transferaze (GST)). Rezultati so pokazali, da DEHP večinoma ni bistveno vplival na prehranjevalne parametre, z izjemo povečanja prehranjevanja in iztrebljanja pri poskusih na listih z acetonom pri najvišji koncentraciji (100 mg/kg DEHP) ter zmanjšanja AE pri nižji koncentraciji (5 mg/kg DEHP). Imunski parametri so ostali večinoma nespremenjeni z nekaj izjemami, kjer so bile statistično značilne spremembe opažene pri DHC (50 mg/kg DEHP) in THC (5 mg/kg DEHP) v poskusih na listih z acetonom. Aktivnost ETS se je zmanjšala že pri nižjih koncentracijah (0.5 in 5 mg/kg DEHP) na listih, medtem ko je v zemlji do statistično značilnega zmanjšanja prišlo pri najvišji koncentraciji (100 mg/kg DEHP). Aktivnost GST se je pri poskusih na listih z etilacetatom zmanjšala pri koncentraciji 50 DEHP (mg/kg), pri listih z acetonom pa že pri nižjih koncentracijah (0.5 in 5 mg/kg DEHP), medtem ko se je pri najvišji koncentraciji (100 mg/kg) povečala tako na listih z acetonom kot v zemlji. Zaključujemo, da DEHP v večini primerov ni bistveno vplival na prehranjevalne in imunske parametre. Kadar so bili učinki opaženi, so bili ti prehodni in niso bili prisotni pri vseh testiranih koncentracijah. Ugotovitve o značilnih učinkih na aktivnost ETS in GST pa kažejo na potrebo po nadaljnjih raziskavah.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Porcellio scaber, kopenski rak, DEHP, mehčalci plastike, ftalati
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Publisher: [T. Korpar]
• Year: 2024
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-161843
• UDC: 595.2/.7:661.8'078.4(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 207588099
• Publication date in RUL: 15.09.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The effect of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on the terrestrial crustacean Porcellio scaber

Abstract

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used plasticizer that poses significant environmental risks due to its persistence and toxic effects. As an endocrine disruptor, it can have various effects on organisms. In our study, we investigated the effects of different concentrations of DEHP (0.5, 5, 50 and 100 mg/kg) on the terrestrial isopod species Porcellio scaber Latreille. We conducted three experiments using different media and solvents: the first on leaves with ethyl acetate over three weeks, and the other two on leaves and soil with acetone, each lasting two weeks. We monitored survival, feeding and excretion rates, food assimilation efficiency (AE), immune parameters (differential hemocyte count (DHC), total hemocyte count (THC), cell viability), and biochemical markers (mitochondrial electron transport system (ETS) activity and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity). The results indicated that DEHP generally had no significant effects on feeding parameters, with the exception of increased feeding and excretion in the leaf-acetone experiments at the highest concentration (100 mg/kg DEHP), and reduced AE at lower concentrations (5 mg/kg DEHP). Immune parameters remained largely unchanged, with some statistically significant alterations in DHC (50 mg/kg DEHP) and THC (5 mg/kg DEHP) observed in the leaf-acetone tests. ETS activity decreased at lower concentrations (0.5 and 5 mg/kg DEHP) on leaves, while in soil, a statistically significant reduction was observed only at the highest concentration (100 mg/kg DEHP). GST activity decreased in the ethyl acetate-leaf experiments at a concentration of 50 mg/kg DEHP, while in the leaf-acetone experiments, it decreased at lower concentrations (0.5 and 5 mg/kg DEHP). However, at the highest concentration (100 mg/kg), GST activity increased both in the leaf-acetone experiments and in the soil. We conclude that DEHP did not significantly impact feeding and immune parameters in most cases. When effects did occur, they were transient and not consistently observed across all tested concentrations. The significant effects found on ETS and GST highlight the need for further investigation.

• Keywords: Porcellio scaber, terrestrial isopod, DEHP, plasticizers, phthalates