Primerjava demokratičnega nazadovanja Madžarske in Slovenije v luči populizma in njegov vpliv na javno upravo : diplomsko delo

Bergant, Vasilij (author), Durnik, Mitja (mentor), Pikalo, Jernej (comentor)

Birokracija je v liberalnih demokracijah pluralna v nasprotju s populizmom, ki zastopa »prave ljudi«, zato jo morajo populisti preoblikovati glede na svoje ideološke potrebe. S tem se zmanjšuje pluralnost birokracije, kar posledično pripomore k demokratičnemu nazadovanju. Za namen raziskovanja smo z deskriptivno metodo opredelili pojem populizma, birokracije in zdrsa demokracije ter njihov medsebojni vpliv. Predstavili smo strategije, populistično upravljanje, namene in cilje, ki jih izvaja populistična politika do birokracije in ostalih neodvisnih institucij javne uprave. S študijo primera smo na primeru Madžarske in Slovenije izpostavili strategije, cilje in primere populističnega upravljanja do birokracije in ostalih neodvisnih institucij ter preučili možnost obstoja zdrsa demokracije. Preučili smo tudi populistično politično komunikacijo vlad, stranke Fidesz in stranke SDS. Ugotovili smo, da ima populizem v obeh izbranih primerih podobne strategije in načine populističnega političnega upravljanja za dosego ciljev populističnih politik do birokracije. Kadrovski vidik obeh preučevanih populizmov je bil osredotočen na zaposlovanje kadrov, lojalnim izvajanju populistične politike, kar ob odpravljanju pluralnosti vodi v demokratično nazadovanje. Podrejanje ostalih neodvisnih institucij je bilo globlje na Madžarskem, kar je posledica večje koncentracije politične moči. Na primeru Madžarske smo ugotovili, da globina sprememb, ki jo izvaja populistična politika, otežuje spremembo oblasti na prihodnjih demokratičnih volitvah, za razliko od Slovenije, kjer konkurenčnost volitev ni ogrožena. Z delom, ki posega v preučevanje delovanja populistične politike do birokracije, se želi poudariti pomembnost tega vprašanja, ki lahko z mehkimi metodami vodi do poslabšanja oziroma zdrsa demokracije.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: populizem, birokracija, zdrs demokracije, politika, Fidesz, SDS
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: FU - Faculty of Administration
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [V. Bergant]
• Year: 2024
• Number of pages: XI, 59 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-161570
• UDC: 329:005.731:35(497.4:439)(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 207337219
• Publication date in RUL: 12.09.2024

BERGANT, Vasilij, 2024, Primerjava demokratičnega nazadovanja Madžarske in Slovenije v luči populizma in njegov vpliv na javno upravo : diplomsko delo [online]. Bachelor’s thesis. Ljubljana : V. Bergant. [Accessed 18 May 2025]. Retrieved from: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=161570

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Comparison of the democratic decline of Hungary and Slovenia in the light of populism and its impact on public administration

Abstract

Bureaucracy in liberal democracies is plural in contrast to populism, which represents the "real people", so populists must reshape it according to their ideological needs. This situation reduce the plurality of the bureaucracy and thereby contribute to democratic decline. For the purpose of the research, we used the descriptive method to define the concept of populism, bureaucracy and the slippage of democracy and their mutual influence. We have presented the strategies, populist management, purposes and goals implemented by populist politics towards the bureaucracy and other independent institutions of public administration. With the case study, we highlighted the strategies, goals and examples of populist management towards the bureaucracy and other independent institutions on the example of Hungary and Slovenia and examined the possibility of a slippage of democracy. We also examined the populist political communication of governments, the Fidesz party and the SDS party. We found that in both selected cases, populisms have similar strategies and ways of populist political management, to achieve the goals of populist policies towards the bureaucracy. The personnel aspect of the two studied populisms was focused on the recruitment of personnel loyal to the implementation of populist politics, which leads to democratic regression when pluralism is eliminated. The subjugation of other independent institutions was deeper in Hungary, which is the result of greater concentration of political power. In the case of Hungary, we found that the depth of changes implemented by populist politics makes it difficult to change the government in the upcoming democratic elections, unlike in Slovenia, where the competitiveness of the elections is not threatened. The work, which intervenes in the study of the functioning of populist politics towards the bureaucracy, aims to emphasize the importance of this issue, which can lead to the deterioration or slippage of democracy through soft methods.

• Keywords: populism, bureaucracy, democratic regression, politics, Fidesz, SDS