Vpliv preventivnih programov, ki vključujejo pliometrično vadbo, na poškodbe sprednje križne vezi v športu - pregled literature : diplomsko delo

Zadravec, Benjamin (author), Hiti, Nina (mentor), Weber, Daša (comentor), Palma, Polona (reviewer)

Uvod: Med najpogosteje poškodovane sklepe človeškega telesa sodi kolenski sklep. Pri poškodbah kolena je ena najbolj pogostih poškodb poškodba sprednje križne vezi. V zadnjem obdobju so zato nastali številni preventivni programi za zmanjšanje pojavnosti poškodb sprednje križne vezi. Preventivni programi vsebujejo vaje za moč, okretnost, propriocepcijo, raztezne vaje in pliometrično vadbo. Pliometrična vadba se vedno več uporablja v preventivnih programih, saj izboljšuje biomehaniko in živčno mišično kontrolo sklepa ter posledično stabilnost sklepa, kar pa pripomore k zmanjševanju nastanka poškodb. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je na osnovi pregleda strokovne in znanstvene literature ugotoviti učinkovitost preventivnih programov, ki vključujejo pliometrično vadbo, na zmanjšanje števila poškodb sprednje križne vezi v športu. Metode dela: Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna metoda dela s pregledom in analizo strokovne ter znanstvene literature. Literatura je bila iskana v podatkovnih zbirkah PubMed in ResearchGate. Uporabljene so bile naslednje ključne besede: preventive programme, plyometric exercise, anterior crucial ligament. Rezultati: V diplomsko delo je bilo vključenih osem raziskav, ki so preverjale učinkovitost preventivnih programov na zmanjšanje števila poškodb sprednje križne vezi v športu. V vseh pregledani člankih so poročali, da je bilo manj poškodb sprednje križne vezi v poskusni skupini v primerjavi s kontrolno skupino. Le v štirih raziskavah so bile te razlike statistično pomembne. Razprava in zaključek: Na podlagi rezultatov lahko zaključimo, da so preventivni programi, ki vključujejo pliometrično vadbo, učinkoviti pri zmanjševanju poškodb sprednje križne vezi v športu. Najbolj učinkovito je, da so vaje prilagojene športu posameznika, se primerno stopnjujejo in da se program izvaja redno skozi celotno sezono. V prihodnjih raziskavah bi bilo potrebno raziskati, kako posamezne komponente programa dejansko vplivajo na zmanjševanje poškodb sprednje križne vezi, saj trenutno ne moremo vedeti, ali katera komponenta prevladuje nad drugo.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, fizioterapija, preventivni program, pliometrična vadba, sprednja križna vez
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [B. Zadravec]
• Year: 2024
• Number of pages: 23 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-161507
• UDC: 615.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 207222787
• Publication date in RUL: 12.09.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Impact of prevention programs that include plyometric exercise on anterior crucial ligament injuries in sports - literature review : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: One of the most frequently injured joints in the human body is the knee joint. In knee injuries, one of the most common injuries is the anterior crucial ligament injury. In the recent times, therefore, a number of prevention programs have been developed to reduce the incidence of anterior crucial ligament injuries. These programs includes exercises for strength, agility, proprioception, stretching and plyometric exercises. Plyometric exercise is commonly used in preventive programs, as it improves the biomechanics, neuromuscular control of the joint and consequently, the stability of the joint. Because of all of the above, it also helps to reduce injuries. Purpose: The purpose of this diploma work was to determine the effectiveness of prevention programs that include plyometric exercises in reducing the incidence of anterior crucial ligament injuries in sport, based on a review of the professional and scientific literature. Methods: Descriptive methods were used with review and analysis of peer-reviewed and scientific literature. The literature was searched in the PubMed and ResearchGate databases. The following keywords were used: Preventive programme, plyometric exercise, anterior crucial ligament. Results: This diploma work included 8 studies investigating the effectiveness of prevention programs to reduce the number of anterior crucial ligament injuries in sports. In all studies, there were fewer anterior crucial ligament injuries in the intervention group than in the control group. However, only four studies showed that these differences were statistically significant. Discussion and conclusion: Based on the results, we can conclude that preventive programs that include plyometric exercise are effective in reducing anterior crucial ligament injuries in sports. For maximum effect, it is important that the exercises are adapted to the individual's sport, are appropriately intensified and that the program is carried out regularly throughout the season. In the future research, it would be necessary to investigate how individual components of the program actually affect the reduction of anterior crucial ligament injury, as we currently have no way of knowing whether one component dominates over the other.

• Keywords: diploma theses, physiotherapy, preventive programme, plyometric exercise, anterior crucial ligament