Selekcija ovc na odpornost proti zajedavcem

Muznik, Miha (author), Simčič, Mojca (mentor)

V ovčereji so zajedavci splošno znan problem. Sredstva proti zajedavcem so bila sprva zelo učinkovita, a se je v zadnjih letih glede njihove učinkovitosti pojavilo kar nekaj dvomov zaradi odpornosti zajedavcev na aktivne snovi v pripravkih in drugih stranskih učinkih, ki ostanejo v mesu živali. Parazitske bolezni imajo velik gospodarski vpliv, ki se kaže v poginu živali in dodatnih stroških reje živali. V zadnjem času se selekcija ovc na odpornost proti zajedavcem kaže kot dobra rešitev za probleme povezane z antiparazitskimi sredstvi. Za odkrivanje vdora parazitov v živali obstaja več različnih metod. Najbolj znan je kazalnik FEC (število jajčec v iztrebkih), pogosto pa se uporablja tudi sistem Kontrola petih kritičnih točk, ki zajema opazovanje nosu, očesnih veznic, glave, hrbta in repa. V splošnem selekcijo ovc glede zajedavcev delimo na odpornost, prilagodljivost in število zdravljenj ter na imunski odziv in velikost vpliva okužbe. V Urugvaju so pri dvosmerni selekciji ovc na FEC dokazali 15 % genetski napredek v povprečnih plemenskih vrednostih za FEC med prvo (leto 2000) in zadnjo generacijo (leto 2019) odporne linije in 11 % genetski napredek med odporno linijo in preostalo populacijo leta 2019.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: drobnica, ovce, zajedavci, odpornost, selekcija
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Year: 2024
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-161499
• COBISS.SI-ID: 207415555
• Publication date in RUL: 12.09.2024

MUZNIK, Miha, 2024, Selekcija ovc na odpornost proti zajedavcem [online]. Bachelor’s thesis. [Accessed 16 March 2025]. Retrieved from: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=161499

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Selection of sheep for resistance to parasites

Abstract

Parasitism is a well-known problem in sheep breeding. Originally, antiparasitics were very effective, but in recent years doubts have arisen about their effectiveness because the parasites are resistant to the active ingredients in the preparations and other side effects such as residues of these substances remain in the animals' meat. Parasite diseases have a considerable economic impact and lead to animal losses and additional costs. Recently, the selection of sheep for parasite resistance has proven to be a good solution to the problems associated with antiparasitics. There are several methods to determine the infestation of animals with parasites. The best known indicator is the FEC (faecal egg count) and the five-point check system, in which the nose, eye mucosa, head, back and tail are examined. In general, the selection of sheep for parasites is divided into resistance, resilience, number of treatments and immune response together with the effects of infection. In a Uruguayan study on two-way selection based on FEC, a genetic improvement of 15% in average breeding values between the first (2000) and the last generation (2019) of the resistant line and a genetic improvement of 11% between the resistant line and the rest of the population in 2019 was demonstrated.

• Keywords: small ruminants, sheep, parasites, resistance, selection