Razumevanje koncepta smrti pri osebah z motnjami duševnem razvoju : magistrsko delo

Anžur, Tinkara (author), Žgur, Erna (mentor)

Magistrsko delo obravnava razumevanje koncepta smrti pri osebah z motnjami v duševnem razvoju. Koncept smrti sestavljajo abstraktne komponente, ki so za osebe z motnjami v duševnem razvoju zaradi znižanih intelektualnih sposobnosti pogosto težko razumljive. V teoretičnem delu je predstavljen koncept smrti in posamezne komponente koncepta ter njegov razvoj glede na kognitivni razvoj posameznika. Podrobneje je predstavljeno razumevanje koncepta smrti pri osebah z motnjami v duševnem razvoju ter proces normalnega in patološkega žalovanja. Navajamo primere in načine učenja o smrti za osebe z motnjami v duševnem razvoju. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti raven razumevanja koncepta smrti in razumevanja petih komponent, ki koncept sestavljajo, pri osebah z motnjami v duševnem razvoju. V vzorec smo zajeli 22 učencev posebnega programa vzgoje in izobraževanja, s katerimi smo izvedli intervjuje. Z uporabo kratkih izmišljenih zgodb smo preverjali njihovo razumevanje komponent vzročnosti, ireverzibilnosti, osebne umrljivosti, univerzalnosti in nefunkcionalnosti, ki skupaj tvorijo koncept smrti. Na podlagi statistične obdelave podatkov ugotavljamo, da večina udeležencev nima usvojenega popolnega razumevanja koncepta smrti, saj je slednje doseglo zgolj 23 %. Starost udeležencev pri doseganju rezultatov ni igrala pomembne vloge. Raven razumevanja posameznih komponent zelo variira in se pomembno razlikuje. Udeleženci najbolje razumejo komponento ireverzibilnosti in najslabše komponento osebne umrljivosti. Omejeno razumevanje koncepta smrti pri osebah z motnjami v duševnem razvoju lahko vodi do patoloških oblik žalovanja ob izkušnji izgube, zato vidimo izobraževanje na tem področju kot ključnega pomena. V ta namen smo na podlagi literature in pridobljenih rezultatov izdali smernice o izobraževanju oseb z motnjami v duševnem razvoju o konceptu smrti in izgubi za strokovne delavce in starše. V slovenskem prostoru je količina literature s tega področja zelo omejena, zato te smernice predstavljajo zgolj začetek, ki bodo morda osebam, ki se srečujejo s posamezniki z motnjami v duševnem razvoju, pomagale, da presežejo lastne meje in se z njimi bolj odkrito pogovorijo o temi smrti.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: koncept smrti, smrt, motnje v duševnem razvoju
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: T. Anžur
• Year: 2024
• Number of pages: 84 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-160837-82182701-4023-7607-adb8-a6787b469dca
• UDC: 376(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 206606595
• Publication date in RUL: 05.09.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Understanding the concept of death in people with intellectual disabilities

Abstract

In the master’s thesis, we discuss the understanding of the concept of death in people with intellectual disabilities. The concept of death consists of abstract components that are often difficult to understand for people with intellectual disabilities due to their reduced intellectual abilities. In the theoretical part of the paper, we present the concept of death and its individual components, as well as its development in relation to the cognitive development of the individual. The understanding of the concept of death in people with intellectual disabilities and the process of normal and pathological mourning are presented in more detail. Examples and ways of learning about death for people with intellectual disabilities are given. The aim of the study was to determine the level of understanding of the concept of death and the understanding of the five components that make up the concept of death among people with intellectual disabilities. The sample consisted of 22 students from a special education programme who were interviewed. Using short fictional stories, we tested their understanding of the components of causality, irreversibility, personal mortality, universality and non-functionality that together make up the concept of death. Based on the statistical processing of the data, we found that the majority of the participants did not have a full understanding of the concept of death, with only 23% achieving this. The age of the participants did not play a significant role in the results. The level of understanding of the individual components varies widely and is significantly different. Participants have the best understanding of the component of irreversibility and the worst understanding of the component of personal mortality. A limited understanding of the concept of death in people with intellectual disabilities can lead to pathological forms of grief when experiencing loss. Therefore, we see education in this area as crucial. Results of our research and previous literature served as a foundation in the making of an informational brochure, with guidelines on death education for professionals and parents of people with intellectual disabilities. There is very limited literature in this area in Slovenia, so these guidelines are just a start, which may help those working with individuals with intellectual disabilities to move beyond their own boundaries and talk more openly about the subject of death.

• Keywords: concept of death, death, intellectual disability