Telesna vadba oseb s srčno-žilnimi obolenji za razvoj vzdržljivosti

Perpar, Tjaša (author), Tomažin, Katja (mentor), Prevc, Petra (comentor)

Bolezni srca in ožilja predstavljajo velik zdravstveni problem in so vodilni vzrok obolevnosti in umrljivosti po vsem svetu, pri čemer nedejaven življenjski slog pomembno prispeva k njihovemu nastanku. Namen magistrskega dela je bil predstaviti najnovejše smernice za razvoj vzdržljivosti pri osebah s srčno-žilnimi obolenji ter pregledati akutne in kronične učinke vzdržljivostne vadbe na osebe s srčno-žilnimi obolenji. Glavni cilj naloge je bil oblikovati vadbene kartice, ki bi osebam s srčno-žilnimi obolenji pomagale pri samostojni ali vodeni vadbi za razvoj vzdržljivosti. S pomočjo pregleda literature smo želeli ugotoviti, katere metode vadbe vzdržljivosti so najučinkovitejše pri osebah s srčno-žilnimi obolenji. Literaturo smo iskali s pomočjo ključnih besed, ki so upoštevale vključitvene in izključitvene kriterije, v dveh bazah PEDro in PubMed. Pregledali smo 22 raziskav, ki so vključevale osebe z eno izmed srčno-žilnih bolezni, od tega so bile 4 sistematične pregledne študije. Šestnajst raziskav, ki smo jih vključili v nalogo, je preučevalo učinke dveh različnih metod vadbe vzdržljivosti na srčno-žilno zmogljivost in telesno pripravljenost, to sta neprekinjena metoda in visoko intenzivni intervalni trening (HIIT). Ostalih šest raziskav pa je preučevalo zgolj akutne in kronične učinke vzdržljivostne vadbe na srčno-žilni sistem pri osebah s srčno-žilnimi obolenji na splošno. Raziskave poročajo, da je telesna vadba tista, ki zdravi in preprečuje nastanek srčno-žilnih obolenj. Za najbolj učinkovito se je izkazala intervalna oblika vadbe vzdržljivosti, saj so intervali prekinjeni z vmesnimi odmori, ki predstavljajo razbremenitev srca, poleg tega pa s to obliko vadbe v največji meri izboljšamo največji privzem kisika (VO2max), ki je ključni kazalnik preživetja. Vadbene enote smo predstavili v obliki vadbenih kartic, kjer je prikazan recept za vadbo (vaje, intenzivnost, trajanje, število nizov, pripomočki, organizacijske oblike in nasveti vaditelju oziroma vadečemu). V prihodnje so vadbene kartice lahko v pomoč pri načrtovanju in sestavi podobnih vadbenih enot.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: telesna vadba, srčno-žilna obolenja, vadba vzdržljivosti, intervalna metoda, vadbene kartice
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: FŠ - Faculty of Sport
• Year: 2024
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-160834-193f1a8c-c5c1-5826-d456-9bed4244df41
• Publication date in RUL: 05.09.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Physical exercise for persons with cardiovascular diseases to develop endurance

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases represent a major health problem and are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide with a sedentary lifestyle significantly contributing to their development. The purpose of this master's thesis was to present the latest guidelines for endurance development in individuals with cardiovascular diseases and to review the acute and chronic effects endurance exercise has on these individuals. The main goal of the thesis was to create exercise cards that would help individuals with cardiovascular diseases in their independent or guided endurance training. We conducted a literature review to identify the most effective endurance training methods for individuals with cardiovascular diseases. We searched for literature using keywords that considered inclusion and exclusion criteria in two databases, PEDro and PubMed. We reviewed 22 studies that included individuals with one of the cardiovascular diseases. Of these, 4 were systematic review studies. Sixteen studies included in this thesis examined the effects of two different endurance training methods on cardiovascular performance and physical fitness; continuous training and high-intensity interval training (HIIT). The remaining six studies examined the acute and chronic effects of endurance exercise on the cardiovascular system of individuals with cardiovascular diseases in general. Research reports that physical exercise is effective in treating and preventing cardiovascular diseases. High-intensity interval training proved to be the most effective, as intervals are interspersed with rest periods that relieve the heart and this form of exercise significantly improves the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), a key indicator of survival. We presented the exercise units in the form of exercise cards, where the workout plan is outlined (exercises, intensity, duration, number of sets, equipment, organizational forms and tips for the trainer or the participant). In the future, these exercise cards could be useful in planning and creating similar exercise sessions.

• Keywords: physical exercise, cardiovascular diseases, endurance exercise, interval method, exercise cards