Sunlight is a natural source of energy that can be utilized to produce electric energy. Solar irradiation reaching the Earth is converted into electric energy in solar cells through the process of photovoltaics. Solar cells are connected to form photovoltaic modules, which are dimensioned for output voltage and current based on the connection method of the solar cells. Interconnected photovoltaic modules form a solar power plant, representing a solar power system connected to the power grid. The production of a solar power plant is influenced not only by the weather but also by the location and orientation of the plant, the tilt angle of the modules, shading, season, and temperature. Solar energy is a renewable energy source, providing sustainable electric energy. However, issues arise regarding the reliability of consumer supply and the stability of the distribution grid. During the day, a solar power plant produces electric energy for household needs, perhaps causing voltage rises and power system operator activities. At night, due to the lack of light and the cessation of the photovoltaic process, the solar power plant does not produce electric energy, so the household is supplied with energy from the distribution grid. To integrate renewable energy sources into the balance scheme and increase the stability and reliability of consumer supply, energy storage systems are used. During the day, excess energy produced by the solar power system that the household does not consume immediately is stored in the energy storage system. The stored energy is used when the demand for electric energy exceeds the production. By appropriately dimensioning the solar power system in combination with a battery storage system, self-sufficiency of the household and independence from the power grid can be achieved. Due to the fluctuation in solar power system production throughout the year, optimizing the parameters of the battery storage system is a challenge. Firstly, the connection power and capacity of the battery storage system must be determined. The battery storage system consists of several battery cells connected to ensure adequate output voltage and capacity. Battery cells operate as galvanic cells, converting chemical energy into electric energy through an electrochemical reaction. They differ in material composition and, consequently, energy density. When selecting the appropriate battery, the efficiency of charging and discharging, battery lifespan, and environmental impact are also compared.
In the thesis, the suitability of an existing solar power system for household supply was examined, and an analysis was conducted for a potential upgrade with an energy storage system. The system analysis was conducted on an annual basis, providing insight into system performance for different time periods with their characteristic weather conditions.
In the thesis, the suitability of the setup of an existing solar power system for household supply was examined, and an analysis for a potential upgrade of the system with an energy storage system unit was conducted. The calculations are based on data on the power density of solar radiation and household consumption over a one-year period in half-hour intervals. The purpose of the thesis is to analyze the possibility of household self-sufficiency with a solar power system and an battery storage system unit. Throughout the year, the electric energy production from the solar power system varies, and consequently, the state of charge of the battery also changes. In the winter months, there are fewer sunlight hours and the power density of solar radiation is lower, so the solar power system does not always produce enough electric energy to ensure household self-sufficiency. In the spring and summer periods, the power density of solar radiation and the number of sunlight hours are higher, thus the production of the solar power system is also greater. The electric energy production from the solar power system during this period meets the household's needs and allows for the charging of the battery storage system unit. The household consumes the stored electric energy during the nighttime, thus operating self-sufficiently. The negative side of self-sufficiency with a solar power plant and a problem for the system operator is primarily the voltage fluctuations between periods with and without solar radiation and the fact that we produce five times more electricity in the summer than in the winter, which needs to be balanced with other sources because the batteries are not sufficient.
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