Introduction: Digital radiography (DR) is becoming increasingly prevalent in medicine. With its growing use, numerous artifacts have also been identified. The process of imaging a patient is a process with several distinct parts that together allow for the acquisition of an image suitable for appropriate radiological analysis. Mistakes can be made throughout the process that create artifacts on X-ray images, which ultimately result in an inadequate image that is not suitable for analysis. Artifacts are structures that are not normally present on X-ray images and include any change that can lead to misinterpretation of the image. The computed radiography system is susceptible to many of the same artifacts as the DR system. Objective: The aim of the diploma thesis was to conduct a systematic literature review and, on the basis of this, to determine whether artifacts are the reason for the rejection and repetition of X-ray images, and to investigate which type of artifact is the most common reason for image rejection. Methodology: A descriptive method of work with a systematic literature review was used to write the diploma thesis. Relevant scientific articles were reviewed from the following databases: PubMed, SCOPUS and ScienceDirect. The literature search was conducted between November 6, 2023 and March 7, 2024. Predefined inclusion and exclusion factors were used in the search. Results: Based on the selected criteria, relevant articles were collected and evaluated that relate to the impact of artifacts on the rejection of X-ray images. After searching for relevant articles in the databases, a total of 2715 hits were obtained. After reviewing the entire content of the articles, 11 articles that best corresponded to our topic and criteria were selected for analysis. The PRISMA method was used to schematically present the used databases and the decision-making process for the inclusion of the reviewed sources. Discussion and Conclusion: We found that artifacts have an impact on the rejection of X-ray images, but they are not the most common reason for rejecting and repeating images. The most common artifact that causes images to be rejected is motion artifact. This is followed by artifact due to radiopaque objects and artifact due to improper exposure conditions.
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