Mladi odrasli z izkušnjo življenja v rejništvu o travmi pred, med in po namestitvi v rejništvo.

Zavernik, Rok (author), Mešl, Nina (mentor), Šeme, Mojca (comentor)

Otroci, ki imajo izkušnjo življenja v rejništvu, so neprimerljivo bolj izpostavljeni travmi, kot otroci, ki te izkušnje nimajo. Rejništvo se vzpostavi z namenom zaščite otroka, kar pomeni, da so ti otroci že znotraj okolja matične družine doživeli težke in obremenjujoče izkušnje. Te izkušnje lahko imajo hude posledice, ki vplivajo na razvoj otroka, hkrati pa vplivajo tudi na posameznikovo razmišljanje, delovanje in dojemanje sveta v odraslosti. Travmatične izkušnje se za otroka ne končajo nujno na točki, ko zapusti matično družino, saj je prehod iz matične družine v rejniško lahko prav tako vir travmatičnih izkušenj. Otroci tekom prehoda doživijo razne izgube, saj so ločeni od svojih staršev, bratov, sester in drugih pomembnih posameznikov, na katere so bili navezani. Prav tako lahko prehod iz matične družine v rejništvo pomeni zamenjavo okolja, kar otroku ruši občutek varnosti in stabilnosti, ki jo potrebuje. Vir dodatne travme so lahko tudi socialni delavci, če ne ravnajo strokovno, po sodobnih konceptih socialnega dela in z veliko občutljivostjo za preprečevanje retravmatizacije. Čeprav je rejništvo sistem, ki mora otroka zaščititi pred tramatičnimi izkušnjami, ki jih je doživel znotraj matične družine, tudi rejništvo ne pomeni nujnega konca tem travmatičnim izkušnjam. Otroci lahko znotraj rejništva doživijo nestabilne nastanitve, ki jim znova rušijo občutek varnosti in stabilnosti, hkrati pa onemogočajo vzpovstavitev zaupanja vrednih in kvalitetnih odnosov. Otroci, ki imajo izkušnjo življenja v rejništvu, lahko travmatične izkušnje doživijo tudi ob izhodu iz rejniške družine oziroma ob vstopu v samostojnost. Ko je prekinitev rejništva hitra in dokončna, posameznika pusti čez noč prepuščenega samemu sebi. Nenaden prehod za te posameznike pomeni finančne, stanovanjske in druge težave, ki pa so ob pomanjkanju podpore lahko še toliko težje. Po pregledu literature in snovanju teoretičnega dela diplomske naloge sem v okviru raziskave izvedel osem intervjujev s posamezniki, ki imajo izkušnjo življenja v rejništvu v Republiki Sloveniji in so v času izvajanja intervjujev bili starejši od 18 let. V okviru raziskave so me zanimale travmatične izkušnje, ki so jih sodelujoči doživeli v času bivanja v matični družini, med prehodom iz matične družine v rejniško, v času življenja v rejniški družini in ob izhodu iz rejništva.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: travma, posledice travme, nasilje, zanemarjanje, rejništvo, nestabilne nastanitve v rejništvu, na razumevanju travme utemeljen pristop
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: FSD - Faculty of Social Work
• Year: 2024
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-160420
• Publication date in RUL: 28.08.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Young adults with experience of living in foster care talk about trauma before, during and after foster care placement.

Abstract

Children who have experience with living in foster care are incomparably more vulnerable to experiencing trauma than children, who don't have such experience. Foster care serves as a mechanism to protect children, which means that foster care children already experienced adverse childhood experiences before entering foster care. These experiences can have a severe impact on a child's development and can also influence the way they think, act, and perceive the world in adulthood. Traumatic experiences do not necessarily end when children leave their families, as the transition to foster care can also be a source of trauma. During the transition, children can experience various losses as they are separated from their parents, siblings, and other important individuals to whom they are attached. The transition to foster care also means a change of environment, which disrupts the child's sense of security and stability. Professionals can also be a source of additional trauma if they do not act professionally, according to modern social work methods and with great sensitivity to prevent retraumatisation. Although the main reason for placing a child into the foster system is to protect it from experiencing more trauma, foster care doesn't necessarily mean an end to trauma for those children. Within foster care, children can experience unstable placements which can disrupt their sense of security and stability and can make the development of trusting and safe relationships quite hard. Children, who have experienced living in foster care, may also experience trauma when leaving the foster care system. If the ending of foster care is swift and final, the sudden transition means financial, housing, and other difficulties, which can be even more traumatic because of the absence of support. After finishing the literature review and designing the theoretical part of my thesis, I conducted eight interviews with individuals who have experience with living in foster care in Slovenia and were over eighteen years old at the time of research. The focus of my research were traumatic experiences that occured before entering foster care, during the transition to foster care, during their foster care placement, and traumatic experiences that occurred while leaving foster care.

• Keywords: trauma, trauma impact, abuse, neglect, foster care, foster care placement instability, trauma-informed approach