Pomen znanja slovenskega jezika za integracijo mladih tujk in tujcev v slovensko družbo

Poklič, Daša (author), Leskošek, Vesna (mentor)

Preseljevanje je močno prisotno v družbi že iz prazgodovine. Dandanes pa preseljevanju oziroma migracijam posvetimo veliko časa in energije. Po eni strani so zelo normalizirane, po drugi pa problematizirane. V diplomskem delu sem raziskovala, ali ima znanje slovenskega jezika pomen za integracijo mladega posameznika v slovensko družbo. V teoretičnem delu sem predstavila terminologijo in različne definicije, ki se pojavijo v širokem spektru pojma migracije. Jezik gradi percepcijo vsakega posameznika, zato se mi zdi pomembno, da so v uporabi izrazi, ki lahko posameznika opolnomočijo. Navedla sem razloge za migracijo in predstavila statistične podatke migracij, kjer sem osvetlila obseg migracijskih tokov v Sloveniji in na ravni Evropske unije in skozi to osvetlila razloge za migracijo. V zadnjem delu teoretičnega uvoda sem se osredotočila na mlade, mladost kot življenjsko obdobje in izzive, s katerimi se mladi posameznik lahko sooči. Pisala sem tudi o integraciji mladih in katera so dosedanja teoretična izhodišča za izvajanje integracije mladih tujcev. Raziskala sem tudi vlogo, ki jo ima šola pri vključevanju mladih migrantov v družbo v novi državi. Dotaknila pa sem se tudi kulturnih razsežnosti in razlik med spoloma, ki so lahko pomembne za integracijo v slovensko družbo. Raziskovalna vprašanja, na katera sem se oprla pri oblikovanju smernic za intervju, so bila: kako znanje jezika vpliva na integracijo mladih tujk in tujcev v slovensko družbo, kako na integracijo vpliva dostopnost do jezikovnih tečajev? Zanimalo me je, kako so se najpogosteje naučili slovenskega jezika in ali si tega sploh želijo? Raziskovala sem, kako možnost večkratnega stika z lokalnim prebivalstvom vpliva na oblikovanje slovenskega jezika mladih tujk in tujcev v Sloveniji? Raziskava je kvalitativna, osnovno izkustveno gradivo predstavljajo besedni opisi ali pripovedi, ki sem jih zbirala s pomočjo sedmih intervjujev. Intervjuvala sem mlade, ki v Sloveniji živijo in se izobražujejo, a tukaj niso rojeni. Ugotovila sem, da je praksa vključevanja v šolo v Sloveniji neenotna in odvisna predvsem od vsake šole posebej, (pre)velik del je na ramenih vsakega posameznika. V slovenski družbi je še vedno prisotno veliko predsodkov in diskriminacije posameznika na podlagi narodnosti. To otežuje integracijo mladih migrantov v našo družbo in poglablja razlike med posameznikom, ki se je v Slovenijo preselil, in lokalnim prebivalstvom. Zelo pomembno vlogo pri vključevanju v družbo ima socialna mreža, vendar je grajenje le-te posebej oteženo zaradi diskriminiranja in izključevanja mladih migrantov. Pomembna ugotovitev je tudi, da ima znanje slovenskega jezika pomen za integracijo mladih tujk in tujcev v slovensko družbo. Zadnji del diplomske naloge predstavljajo predlogi za izboljšanje sodelovanja z mladimi migranti in njihovimi družinami ter predloge za izboljšanje raziskave. Menim, da bi lahko prakso na tem področju bistveno izboljšali, če bi vzpostavili tečaje slovenščine za vso družino in/ali bi bili ti posebej prilagojeni za mlade na ravni lokalih skupnosti, ki prve pridejo v stik z družino; tako bi bilo šolanje mladega z izkušnjo migracije prvih nekaj let še bolj prilagojeno. V obdobju takoj po priselitvi predlagam, da se omogoči šolanje v maternem jeziku posameznika. Lahko bi se usmerili tudi v delovanje družinskih centrov, ki bi ponudili varen prostor za celotno družino, in bi bolj aktivno delali na pozitivnem vrednotenju kulturne raznolikost našega okolja. Verjamem, da bi k bolj enakovrednemu sprejemanju in lažji integraciji doprineslo tudi oblikovanje dokumenta na državni ravni, ki bi mladim migrantom zagotavljal enakovredno šolanje v primerjavi s slovenskimi sovrstniki.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: mladost, odraščanje, izobraževanje, pomen znanja jezika, socialno vključevanje
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: FSD - Faculty of Social Work
• Year: 2024
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-160151
• Publication date in RUL: 22.08.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The importance of sloveninan language skills for the integration of young foreigners into Slovenian society

Abstract

Migration has been strongly present in society since prehistoric times. Now days we spend a lot of time and energy on migrations, what applies also to youth. In my graduation thesis, I to investigated whether knowledge of the Slovenian language has any significance for the integration of a young person into Slovenian society. In the theoretical part, I presented the terminology and different definitions that appear in the broad spectrum of the concept of migration. Language builds the perception of each individual, so I think is important to use expressions that can empower the individual. I identified the reasons for migration and presented the statistical data, where I highlighted the extent of migration flows in Slovenia and at the level of the European Union. In the last part of the theoretical part, I focused on young people, youth as a period of life and the challenges that young individual can face. I also wrote about the integration of young people and what are theoretical starting points for implementing the integration of young foreigners so far. I explored the role that schools play in integration young migrants into society in a new country. I also touched cultural dimensions and gender based differences that can be important for integration into Slovenian society. The research questions on which I was based when designing the guidelines for the interview were how knowledge of the language affects the integration of young foreigners into Slovenian society and how accessibility to language courses affects integration. I was curious about how they learned Slovenian language most often and whether they wanted to do so. I researched how possibility of multiple contact with the local population affects the formation of Slovenian language of young foreigners in Slovenia. The research is qualitative, the basic experiential material is represented by word descriptions or narratives, which I collected through seven interviews. I have interviewed young people who have been living and educating in Slovenia, but were not born here. I found out that the practice of school integration in Slovenia is uneven and depends mainly on each school individually, (too) much of it is on the shoulders of each individual. In Slovenian society there is still a lot prejudice and discrimination against individuals on the basis on nationality. This complicates the integration of young migrants into our society and deepens the differences between the individual who has moved to Slovenia and the local population. Social networks play a very important role in social integration but building is only matter of importance – these are particularly difficult due to the discrimination and exclusion of young migrants. It is also important to note that knowledge of the Slovenian language is important for the integration young foreigners into Slovenian society. The final part of the thesis presents proposals for improving cooperation with young migrants and their families and proposal for improving research. I believe that practice in this area could be significantly improved by setting up Slovene language courses for the whole family and/or specifically adapted for young people, at the level of local community, that comes into contact with the family first. The education of young people with experience of migration should be even more adapted in the first few years. In the period immediately after immigration, I propose that education is held in the individual’s mother tongue. We could also focus on the family centers, which would offer a safe place for the whole family, work more actively on the positive appreciation of the cultural diversity of our environment. I believe that creation of a document at the national level would also contribute to a more equal reception and easier integration, which would provide young migrants with equivalent education compared to their Slovenian peers.

• Keywords: youth, growing up, education, importance of language skills, social inclusion