Klinična uporaba enofotonske emisijske računalniške tomografije-računalniške tomografije : diplomsko delo

Krivec, Matija (author), Marušič, Elija (author), Škrk, Damijan (mentor), Rep, Sebastijan (reviewer)

Uvod: Nuklearna medicina je namenjena diagnosticiranju in zdravljenju z uporabo radiofarmakov. Vir sevanja se nahaja v telesu pacienta. Radiofarmaki se v telesu razporedijo ali pa so zasnovani tako, da se vežejo na določene biološke procese. SPECT in CT sta metodi za slikanje notranjosti telesa ter za zaznavanje in analizo funkcionalnih procesov. CT z rentgensko svetlobo prikaže 3D slike telesa, vir sevanja (rentgenska cev) pa se nahaja izven telesa pacienta, SPECT pa zaznava fotone gama radiofarmakov z gama kamerami za prikazovanje funkcionalnih procesov. Namenjen je zajemanju anatomskih podatkov. Hibridni SPECT/CT združuje funkcionalne in anatomske podatke ter omogoča boljši in natančnejši prikaz patoloških sprememb. Nekoč je obseg uporabe SPECT/CT zaostajal v primerjavi z drugimi diagnostičnimi metodami, v zadnjih letih pa je velik napredek v tehnologiji pripomogel k njegovi večji uporabi. Namen: Namen je predstaviti klinično uporabo SPECT/CT s primerjanjem literature napisane med letom 2010 in 2024 ter ugotoviti morebitna ujemanja oziroma odstopanja na posameznih področjih. Metode dela: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo s sistematičnim pregledom literature. Vse vire smo poiskali v strokovnih podatkovnih bazah, ki so dostopne na spletu. Literaturo smo zbrali glede na zastavljene vključitvene in izključitvene kriterije. Rezultati: Skupno smo na različnih podatkovnih bazah identificirali 3636 zadetkov. Za raziskavo smo izbrali, analizirali in med sabo primerjali sedem člankov glede na lastnosti vzorca oziroma take, ki so odgovarjali zastavljenemu namenu. Razprava in zaključek: Hibridno slikanje SPECT/CT je ključno za natančno diagnozo v različnih kliničnih situacijah, saj omogoča boljšo lokalizacijo in razlikovanje benignih in malignih lezij ter ima višjo specifičnost kot samostojni metodi SPECT in CT. SPECT/CT je široko uporaben na področju onkologije za odkrivanje malignih sprememb in metastaz. Metoda je koristna tudi pri mnogih drugih neonkoloških bolezenskih stanjih. Kljub napredku PET/CT, je SPECT/CT še vedno pomemben del nuklearne medicine in bo v prihodnosti še prisoten, saj prispeva k večji natančnosti diagnoze, optimizaciji zdravljenja in boljšim rezultatom zdravljenja. Uporabnost te tehnologije večinoma pretehta škodo, ki jo povzročijo sevalne obremenitve.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, radiološka tehnologija, CT, SPECT, SPECT/CT, klinična uporaba SPECT/CT, klinične aplikacije SPECT/CT
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [M. Krivec : E. Marušič]
• Year: 2024
• Number of pages: 50 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-159644
• UDC: 616-07
• COBISS.SI-ID: 202261763
• Publication date in RUL: 17.07.2024

KRIVEC, Matija and MARUŠIČ, Elija, 2024, Klinična uporaba enofotonske emisijske računalniške tomografije-računalniške tomografije : diplomsko delo [online]. Bachelor’s thesis. Ljubljana : M. Krivec : E. Marušič. [Accessed 26 April 2025]. Retrieved from: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=159644

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Clinical use of single photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Nuclear medicine is dedicated to the detection and treatment using small quantities of radiopharmaceuticals. Typically, the radiation source is located inside the patient's body. Radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic purposes are either dispersed in the body or are engineered to bind to specific biological processes. SPECT and CT are methods used in medicine for imaging the interior of the body and for detecting and analyzing functional processes. CT uses X-rays to display 3D images of the body with the radiation source located outside the patient's body, while SPECT detects gamma photons by special gamma cameras from radiopharmaceuticals to visualize functional processes. Hybrid SPECT/CT therefore combines both functional and anatomical data and provides a better and more accurate view of possible pathological changes. SPECT/CT used to be left behind by other diagnostics, but in recent years major advances in technology and radiopharmaceuticals have contributed to its increased clinical use. Purpose: The purpose is to present the clinical use of SPECT/CT by comparing literature between 2010 and 2024 and to identify any concordances or discrepancies in specific areas. Methods: We used a descriptive method with a systematic literature review. All sources were searched in professional databases available on the internet. The literature was collected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results. Seven articles were selected, analysed and compared with each other according to the characteristics of the sample, or those that met the purpose of the study. Discussion and conclusion: Hybrid SPECT/CT imaging is crucial for accurate diagnosis in different clinical situations, allowing better localisation and differentiation of benign and malignant lesions, and has a higher specificity than SPECT and CT alone. The method also allows the correction of attenuation based on CT numbers, which has a significant impact on the course and treatment outcomes of various diseases. SPECT/CT has a wide application in oncology, showing malignant lesions and metastases. In addition, the method is also useful in many other non-oncological disease states. Despite the advances in PET/CT, SPECT/CT is still and will continue to be an important part of nuclear medicine as technology and radiopharmaceuticals advance rapidly. SPECT/CT contributes to increased diagnostic accuracy, optimised and better treatment outcomes. Despite the dose burden, it is clear that the utility of this technology is in many cases more important than the potential radiation damage.

• Keywords: diploma theses, radiologic technology, CT, SPECT, SPECT/CT, clinical use of SPECT/CT, clinical applications of SPECT/CT