Vpliv pogleda in sluha na nadzor telesa pri vskokih na veliki prožni ponjavi

Pezdirc, Matjaž (author), Čuk, Ivan (mentor), Šibanc, Karmen (comentor)

Velika prožna ponjava je telovadno orodje, ki s svojimi mehanskimi značilnostmi telovadcu omogoča izvedbo skokov z različnimi salti in obrati. Tekmovalna sestava vključuje 10 zaporednih skokov ter se vedno prične s stegnjenimi vskoki, s katerimi akrobat pridobi na višini in hitrosti, da nato lahko izvede svojo sestavo s čim daljšim časom leta. Stegnjeni skoki ali vskoki so sestavljeni iz izmeničnega stika s ponjavo in letom telovadca. Med vskoki na ohranjanje položajev telesa vplivajo čutni prilivi vidne, slušne in telesne zaznave s katerimi si telovadec pomaga, da lahko zaporedne vskoke izvaja v najpični smeri. Pri tekmovanju je to še kako pomembno, saj se vsako vodorano premikanje po ponjavi kaznuje z odbitkom od končne ocene. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 30 študentov Fakultete za šport. Vsak merjenec je izvedel 6 serij po 10 zaporednih vskokov z različnimi zaznavnimi pogoji: s pogledom navzdol v rob ponjave, s pogledom naprej, brez sluha in s pogledom v rob ponjave, brez sluha in s pogledom naprej, brez vida ter brez vida in brez sluha hkrati. Za vsak vskok smo merili stične sile ponjave pri odrivu za levo in desno nogo ločeno, s čimer smo ugotavljali razlike pri velikostih sil in povezanost med različnimi spremenljivkami, da bi ugotovili, katere imajo največji vpliv na kakovost izvedbe skoka. Za ugotavljanje razlik pri različnih sklopih smo uporabili parni t-test, za ugotavljanje povezanosti pa Spearmanov koeficient korelacije. Pri skokih na veliki prožni ponjavi prihaja do razlik sil med levo in desno nogo, ki nastanejo zaradi nadzora telovadca nad telesom, ki stremi k čim bolj navpičnemu skakanju. Različni zaznavni načini pa imajo velik vpliv na trajanje leta in na izkazovanje sile pri odrivu. Pri vskokih brez vidne zaznave so časi leta in sile na podlago bistveno nižji od ostalih vrst vskokov.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: velika prožna ponjava, vskok stegnjeno, zaznavni načini, nadzor nad telesom, sile na ponjavo
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: FŠ - Faculty of Sport
• Year: 2024
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-159539
• Publication date in RUL: 12.07.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: THE INFLUENCE OF VISION AND HEARING ON BODY CONTROL DURING JUMPS ON A LARGE TRAMPOLINE

Abstract

Olympic trampoline is a gymnastics apparatus that, with its mechanical characteristics, allows the gymnast to perform jumps with various somersaults and twists around the longitudinal axis. A competitive routine includes 10 consecutive jumps and always starts with straight jumps, which help the acrobat gain height and speed to execute their routine with the maximum airtime. Straight jumps or take-offs consist of alternating contact with the trampoline and the gymnast's flight. During jumps, the maintenance of body positions is influenced by sensory inputs of visual, auditory, and somatosensory perceptions, which the gymnast uses to perform consecutive jumps in the most vertical direction possible. This is crucial in competition, as any horizontal movement on the trampoline is penalized with deductions from the final score. The study involved 30 students from the Faculty of Sport. Each subject performed 6 sets of 10 consecutive jumps under different sensory conditions: with looking down at the edge of the trampoline, with looking forward, without hearing and with looking down at the edge of the trampoline, without hearing and with looking forward, without sight and without sight and hearing at the same time. For each jump, we measured the contact forces on the trampoline at take-off for the left and right foot separately, to determine differences in forces and correlation between variables, to see which have the biggest impact on the quality of the straight jump. We used the paired t-test to determine differences between various sets and the Spearman correlation coefficient to assess correlations. When jumping on trampoline, there are differences in forces between the left and right leg, which are caused by the gymnast's control over the body, which strives to jump as vertically as possible. However, different sensory data jumps have a great influence on the duration of the flight and on the demonstration of force during push-off. In jumps without visual data flight times and ground forces are significantly lower than other types of jumps.

• Keywords: trampoline gymnastics, straight jump, sensory modes, body control, forces on the trampoline