Part of the hemicellulose is a complex polysaccharide xylan, which can be broken down by xylanases. These hydrolytic enzymes are widespread in nature and are produced by many organisms, among which fungi produce higher concentrations of enzymes with higher activity than those from yeasts and bacteria. Xylanases cleave the heterogeneous β-1,4-glycoside bond of xylan to form monosaccharides that can be used as prebiotics or processed into various forms of fuels. In addition, they improve the consistency of finished products in the food industry, improve the pulp separation process leading to better paper quality, contribute to the softness of fabrics by removing unnecessary residues of cellulose fibres and improve the availability of nutrients in the digestive tract of animals through their presence in feed. The commercialization of xylanases has increased significantly in recent decades as they show diversity and potential in different areas of industry. Fungal xylanases are produced mainly in the USA, Germany, the UK, Japan, Finland and Denmark. In addition, they are an alternative to dangerous synthetic chemicals. With their widespread use, we can achieve efficient and sustainable use of natural resources and improve processes in various industries.
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