Analiza keramičnih in porcelanskih ploščic z rentgensko praškovno difrakcijo

Pajek, Anja (author), Počkaj, Marta (mentor)

V industrijski in komercialni rabi se keramične in porcelanske ploščice uporabljajo na različnih področjih, največ za kritje tal, sten ali stropa, poleg tega pa imajo tudi visok potencial delovanja. Kljub temu do zdaj raziskave na tem področju niso doživele veliko pozornosti, zato sem se odločila, da bom poskusila izvesti kvalitativno in kvantitativno fazno analizo s pomočjo rentgenske praškovne difrakcije. Analizirala sem 18 različnih vzorcev porcelanskih in keramičnih ploščic. Ker na deklaracijah ni bilo navedene snovne ali elementne sestave, sem vzorce najprej primerjala med sabo, nato pa s pomočjo programa Crystallographica Search-Match še z zbirko praškovnih posnetkov standardov. Na ta način sem ugotovila, katere kristalinične faze so prisotne v posameznih vzorcih. V vseh vzorcih se je nahajal kremen, sestava porcelanskih ploščic pa si je bila med seboj precej bolj podobna kot sestava keramičnih ploščic. Nekaterih snovi, ki so bile v vzorcih prisotne v zelo majhnih količinah, mi ni uspelo identificirati, saj njihove prisotnosti na podlagi le nekaj manjših vrhov nisem mogla zagotovo potrditi. S pomočjo programa Topas sem z Rietveldovo metodo določila masne deleže prisotnih kristaliničnih faz. Šest vzorcev sem analizirala z vrstičnim elektronskim mikroskopom, s katerim sem izvedla tudi elementno analizo. Ta je pokazala enake elemente, ki so bili določeni z metodo rentgenske praškovne difrakcije, hkrati pa tudi še nekaj takšnih, ki so bili prisotni v količinah pod mejo zaznave te metode.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: rentgenska praškovna difrakcija, difraktogram, keramične in porcelanske ploščice, kvalitativna in kvantitativna fazna analiza, Rietveldova metoda
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
• Year: 2024
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-159302
• COBISS.SI-ID: 203486211
• Publication date in RUL: 05.07.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Analysis of ceramic and porcelain tiles by means of X-ray powder diffraction

Abstract

In industrial and commercial use, ceramic and porcelain tiles are used in a variety of applications, most of them for floor, wall or ceiling coverings, and they also have a high-performance potential. However, research in this area has not received much attention so far, so I decided to try to carry out a qualitative and quantitative phase analysis using X-ray powder diffraction. I analysed 18 different samples of porcelain and ceramic tiles. As the declarations did not indicate the material or elemental composition, I first compared the samples with each other and then with a collection of powder images of the standards using Crystallographica Search-Match. In this way, I determined which crystalline phases were present in each sample. Quartz was present in all samples, and the composition of the porcelain tiles was much more similar than that of the ceramic tiles. I was not able to identify some of the substances, that were present in very small quantities, as I could not confirm their presence with certainty on the basis of only a few small peaks. Using Topas, I also determined the mass fractions of the crystalline phases present using the Rietveld method. Six samples were analysed using scanning electron microscope, with which elemental analysis was also conducted. Elemental analysis showed the same elements as determined by X-ray powder diffraction, but also some elements present in quantities below its detection limit.

• Keywords: X-ray diffraction, powder pattern, ceramic and porcelain tiles, qualitative and quantitative phase analysis, Rietveld method