Medvrstniško nasilje pri mladostnikih in empatija

Vilčnik, Lea (author), Simonič, Barbara (mentor)

V pričujočem magistrskem delu smo raziskovali povezanost med medvrstniškim nasiljem in empatijo pri mladostnikih ter morebitne razlike v teh dimenzijah glede na spol, starost in stopnjo šolanja. Zanimalo nas je, kakšne so značilnosti pojavnosti medvrstniškega nasilja in kakšno vlogo ima pri tem empatija. V teoretičnem delu je opisana opredelitev medvrstniškega nasilja in prevladujoče oblike, predstavljeni so dejavniki tveganja in varovalni dejavniki, prav tako pa pogostost. V nadaljevanju so predstavljene vloge v medvrstniškem nasilju in potek obravnave ter preprečevanja. Sledi predstavitev empatije, kjer so predstavljene opredelitve in osnovne razsežnosti empatije, prav tako razvojni vidiki empatije pri otrocih in mladostnikih ter pomen empatije pri preprečevanju medvrstniškega nasilja. V empiričnem delu sledi predstavitev raziskave, v kateri je sodelovalo 371 udeležencev, od tega 248 deklet in 123 fantov. Rezultati so pokazali, da je med vsemi tremi skupinami nasilja pri osnovnošolcih najpogosteje prisotno verbalno nasilje, nato sledi čustveno nasilje, najmanj pogosta pa sta spletno in fizično nasilje. V raziskavi statistično pomembnih razlik v doživljanju verbalnega medvrstniškega nasilja, spletnega nasilja in fizičnega nasilja glede na spol otroka nismo potrdili, smo pa ugotovili, da obstajajo statistično pomembne razlike pri opazovanju spletnega nasilja med osnovnošolci in srednješolci, saj so srednješolci v primerjavi z osnovnošolci pogosteje pričali o spletnemu nasilju. Osrednji del magistrskega dela je predstavljala hipoteza, kjer smo preučevali, ali obstajajo statistično pomembne povezave med stopnjo empatije in medvrstniškim nasiljem (izvajanjem in zaznavanjem). Ugotovili smo, da bolj kot so udeleženci raziskave zaznali izvajanje čustvenega in spletnega nasilja nad drugimi, bolj so imeli izraženo empatijo. Prav tako je pomembna ugotovitev raziskave tudi ta, da smo pri povzročiteljih nasilja ugotovili statistično pomembno povezanost med izvajanjem nasilja in manjšo izraženostjo empatije, saj se je povezanost pokazala pri verbalnem nasilju ter fizičnem nasilju. S tem smo pokazali pomen, ki ga ima stopnja empatije v povezavi z medvrstniškim nasiljem. Vidimo, da višja kot je stopnja empatije, manjša je prisotnost nasilja. Prav tako na podlagi naših rezultatov lahko trdimo tudi, da je pri starejših mladostnikih prisotna izraženost višje kognitivne empatije. Statistično pomembne razlike pa lahko potrdimo tudi pri stopnjah empatije glede na spol, saj so rezultati pokazali, da dekleta v primerjavi s fanti izražajo višjo stopnjo pri vseh vrstah empatije.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: medvrstniško nasilje, empatija, mladostniki
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: TEOF - Theological Faculty
• Year: 2024
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-159295
• Publication date in RUL: 05.07.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Peer violence in adolescents and empathy

Abstract

In this master thesis, the author investigated the relationship between peer violence and empathy in adolescents, and possible differences in the dimensions according to gender, age and school level. She was interested in the characteristics of the incidence of peer violence and the role of empathy. The theoretical part describes the definition of peer violence and the prevailing forms, risk and protective factors, as well as the prevalence. The author then presents the roles in peer violence and the treatment and prevention process. This is followed by a presentation on empathy, which includes definitions and basic dimensions of empathy, as well as developmental aspects of empathy in children and adolescents and the importance of empathy in preventing peer violence. The empirical part is followed by a presentation of the research, which involved 371 participants, 248 girls and 123 boys. The results showed that among all three groups of violence, verbal violence is the most common among primary school children, followed by emotional violence, and online and physical violence are the least common. The study did not confirm a statistically significant association in terms of differences in the experience of verbal peer violence, online violence and physical violence according to the gender of the child, but found that there were statistically significant differences in the observation of online violence between primary and secondary school students, with secondary school students being more likely to report online violence compared to primary school students. The central part of the master thesis was the hypothesis, whether there are statistically significant correlations between the level of empathy and peer violence (perpetration and perception). We found that the more the participants perceived that they perpetrated emotional and online violence against others, the more empathy they had. Another important finding of the study is that we also found a statistically significant correlation between perpetrators of violence and lower levels of empathy, with a correlation for verbal violence and physical violence. This demonstrates the importance of the level of empathy in relation to peer violence. We see that the higher the level of empathy, the lower the presence of violence. Similarly, based on our results, we can also argue that the expression of higher cognitive empathy increases with age. Statistically significant differences can also be confirmed in the levels of empathy by gender, as the results show that girls express higher levels of all types of empathy compared to boys.

• Keywords: peer violence, empathy, adolescents