Analiza biokemične sestave plodov in cvetov in njen pomen pri taksonomskem razvrščanju izbranih sort, spontanih križancev in starševskih vrst šipkov (Rosa spp. L.), razširjenih v Sloveniji

Kunc, Nina (author), Osterc, Gregor (mentor), Mikulič Petkovšek, Maja (comentor)

V doktorski disertaciji je bila preučena biokemijska sestava plodov in cvetov osnovnih vrst avtohtonih slovenskih šipkov (Rosa spp.), njihovih v naravi rastočih spontanih križancev ter sodobnih sort, ki izhajajo iz njih. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da je skupna vsebnost fenolnih spojin v osemenju analiziranih plodov v naravi rastočih križancev večja v primerjavi z vsebnostjo v plodičih, kar nakazuje na to, da je prisoten učinek heteroze. Skupna vsebnost fenolnih spojin je bila v petalih v naravi rastočih križancev manjša, v primerjavi s starševskima rastlinama. Rezultati raziskav so potrdili, da se vsebnost antocianinov v petalih s hibridizacijo povečuje. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da je bilo leto 2021 ugodnejše za tvorbo fenolnih spojin v plodičih, leto 2020 pa za tvorbo fenolnih spojin v osemenju. Sklepati je možno, da je vsebnost bioaktivnih spojin pri sodobnih sortah manjša kot pri starih sortah in izvornih vrstah šipka, ki so bile vključene v raziskavo. Rezultati so potrdili, da je sodobno žlahtnjenje usmerjeno predvsem v cilje, kot so intenzivno cvetenje, dišeči cvetovi, hitro ponavljajoče se cvetenje, odpornost na bolezni in škodljivce, ne pa toliko na vsebnost bioaktivnih spojin. Nekatere sorte, ki izvirajo iz različnih starševskih vrst, so si po vsebnosti biokativnih snovi celo bolj podobne kot tiste, ki izvirajo iz iste vrste. Zaključiti je možno, da je večina proučevanih vzorcev plodov in cvetov šipkov bogat vir bioaktivnih snovi, ki ugodno delujejo na človeško telo in bi se potencialno lahko uporabljali v živilski in kozmetični industriji.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: šipki, vrtnice, Rosa, hibridizacija, križanje, bioaktivne spojine, sekundarni metaboliti, hlapne spojine
• Work type: Doctoral dissertation
• Typology: 2.08 - Doctoral Dissertation
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Year: 2024
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-159194
• COBISS.SI-ID: 200490243
• Publication date in RUL: 03.07.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Analysis of the biochemical composition of hips and flowers and its importance for the taxonomic classification of selected cultivars, spontaneous hybrids and parent species of roses (Rosa spp. L.) widespread in Slovenia

Abstract

In the dissertation, the biochemical composition of rose hips and flowers of the basic species of indigenous Slovenian rose hips (Rosa spp.), their naturally growing spontaneous hybrids and the modern cultivars derived from them were investigated. It was found that the total content of phenolic compounds in the perikarp of the examined rose hips of naturally growing hybrids is higher than the content in the nutlets, which indicates the effect of heterosis. The total content of phenolic compounds was lower in the petals of the naturally growing hybrids compared to the parent plants. The research results confirmed that the content of anthocyanins in the petals increases with hybridization. It was found that the year 2021 was more favorable for the formation of phenolic compounds in the pulp with peel and the year 2020 for the formation of phenolic compounds in the nutlets. It can be concluded that the content of bioactive compounds in modern cultivars is lower than in old cultivars and original rose hip species included in the study. The results confirm that modern breeding focuses mainly on objectives such as intensive flowering, fragrant flowers, rapid repeat flowering, resistance to diseases and pests, but less on the content of bioactive compounds. Some cultivars derived from different parent species are even more similar than those derived from the same species. Most of the rose hip and flower samples studied are a rich source of bioactive compounds that have a positive effect on the human body and could potentially be used in the food and cosmetics industry.

• Keywords: rosehips, roses, Rosa, hybridization, crossing, bioactive compounds, secondary metabolites, volatile compounds