Nadzor glave: primerjava donošenih in nedonošenih dojenčkov pri štirih mesecih starosti : diplomsko delo

Hrovatin, Ajda (author), Kovačič, Tine (mentor), Mikša-Pušnik, Daša (comentor), Grapar Žargi, Tina (reviewer)

Uvod: Nadzor glave je prvi motorični mejnik, ki ga dojenček tekom razvoja doseže in predstavlja temelj nadaljnjega motoričnega razvoja. Stabilnost glave je bistvenega pomena za ohranjanje ravnotežja in znatno vpliva na gibanje trupa. Razvoj nadzora glave oziroma drže je pri nedonošenih dojenčkih pogosto zakasnjen ali okrnjen, lahko zaradi prisotnosti možganskih poškodb in/ali drugačnih gibalnih izkušenj v prvih mesecih življenja. Zaostanek v motoričnem razvoju se lahko v nekaj letih razreši ali se izrazi v obliki blažjih oziroma težjih nevroloških disfunkcij. Namen: Ugotoviti prisotnost nadzora glave pri slovenskih dojenčkih v četrtem mesecu starosti in raziskati morebitne razlike pri razvoju nadzora glave med donošenimi in nedonošenimi dojenčki. Metode dela: V empiričnem delu diplomskega dela smo izvedli presečno raziskavo. Vključenih je bilo šest donošenih in šest nedonošenih dojenčkov. Uporabili smo test Segmentalne ocene nadzora trupa za oceno nadzora glave ter ocenjevali prisotnost nadzora drže v statičnem, aktivnem in reaktivnem pogoju testa. Rezultati: Pri primerjavi zmožnosti nadzora glave med donošenimi in nedonošenimi dojenčki smo zaznali statistično značilno razliko (p = 0,014). Hipotezo smo preverili s Fisherjevim eksaktnim testom, ki je potrdil statistično značilno razliko (p = 0,030). Rezultati Mann-Whitneyevega testa so razkrili statistično značilno razliko med zmožnostjo nadzora glave donošenih in nedonošenih dojenčkov v statičnem pogoju (p = 0,027), prav tako tudi v aktivnem in reaktivnem pogoju (p = 0,019). Razprava in zaključek: Ugotovili smo statistično značilno razliko pri zmožnosti nadzora glave donošenih in nedonošenih preiskovancev (p < 0,05) in sicer je bila prisotnost nadzora glave bolj pogosta pri donošenih preiskovancih. Pri nadaljnjem raziskovanju tega področja bi bilo smiselno ponoviti raziskavo na večjem vzorcu in preveriti veljavnost Segmentalne ocene nadzora trupa za ocenjevanje nadzora glave. Razumevanje zaostanka pri nadzoru glave nedonošenih dojenčkov, fizioterapevtom omogoča izvajanje zgodnejših in učinkovitejših intervencij, kar lahko bistveno vpliva na dolgoročne izide dojenčkov in izboljša kvaliteto njihovega življenja ter življenja njihovih bližnjih.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, fizioterapija, nadzor glave, nadzor drže, nedonošenost, dojenčki, Segmentalna ocena nadzora trupa
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [A. Hrovatin]
• Year: 2024
• Number of pages: 41 str., [9] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-159066
• UDC: 615.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 200195075
• Publication date in RUL: 29.06.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Head control: a comparison between full term and preterm infants at the age of four months : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Head control is the first milestone in the development of an infant's motor skills, and as such represents the foundation for further motor development. Head stability is essential for maintaining balance and has a significant influence on trunk movement. The development of head control and postural control in general, is often delayed in preterm infants, due to the presence of brain damage and/or different motor experiences in the first months of their life. The delay in motor development may resolve within a few years or manifest itself in the form of neurological dysfunctions of varying severity. Purpose: To determine the presence of head control in Slovenian infants in the fourth month of life and to investigate possible differences in head control between preterm and term infants. Methods: Six preterm and six term infants were included. The Segmental Assessment of Trunk Control was used to assess head control and evaluate the presence of postural control in static, active and reactive condition. Results: When comparing the ability to control the head between preterm and term infants, we found a statistically significant difference (p = 0.014). The hypothesis was tested with Fisher's exact test, which confirmed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.030). The results of the Mann-Whitney test revealed a statistically significant difference between the head control ability of preterm and term infants in the static condition (p = 0.027), as well as in the active and reactive condition (p = 0.019). Discussion and conclusion: We found a statistically significant difference in head control between term and preterm infants (p < 0.05), with the presence of head control being more frequent in term infants. Further research in this area, would greatly benefit from repeating the study on a larger sample and testing the validity of the Segmental Assessment of Trunk Control for the assessment of head control. Understanding the delay in preterm infants’ head control allows physiotherapists to deliver earlier and more effective interventions, which can have a significant impact on infants’ long-term outcomes and improve their quality of life and that of their loved ones.

• Keywords: diploma theses, physiotherapy, head Control, Postural Control, Preterm, Infants, Segmental Assessment of Trunk Control