Kronotip in tavanje misli – dnevno nihanje časovne orientacije in afektivnega tona misli

Likar, Miha (author), Simor, Peter (mentor)

Tavanje misli, izkušnja, med katero je naša pozornost preusmerjena stran od trenutne naloge ali dogodkov v zunanjem okolju na samo-ustvarjene misli in občutke, se pojavlja v 25-50 % našega budnega življenja. Predpostavlja se, da ima tavanje misli pomembno vlogo pri prospektivnem spominu, zastavljanju ciljev in pričakovanju prihodnjih dogodkov in vedenjskih izidov. Poleg povezave z osebnostnimi dejavniki, kot so simptomi depresije, tesnobe in motnje pomanjkanja pozornosti s hiperaktivnostjo, je tavanje misli povezano s subjektivnimi in objektivnimi označevalci kakovosti spanja, spalnim pritiskom in kronotipom. Kronotip bistveno vpliva na cirkadiano modulacijo kognitivnega in afektivnega delovanja in dnevnih dejavnosti. Kljub temu cirkadiani vidiki spontanih misli ostajajo večinoma neraziskani. V pričujoči študiji smo raziskovali povezave med kronotipom in delom dneva na nihanja pojavnosti in časovne usmerjenosti tavanja misli. V postopek vzorčenja izkustva je bilo vključenih 152 udeležencev (Ž = 126, starost = 21,7). V 10 dneh so udeleženci prejemali 10 obvestil na dan v naključnih časovnih točkah, poslanih prek mobilne aplikacije. Ob vsaki priložnosti vzorčenja so izpolnili kratek vprašalnik, v katerem so odgovarjali na vprašanja o prisotnosti tavanja misli, časovni usmerjenosti in afektivnem tonu spontanih misli. Končni nabor podatkov je vseboval skupno 13001 vzorcev izkustva. Kronotip posameznika smo ocenili z vprašalnikom Mornigness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). Analiza variance, generalizirani in linearni mešani modeli so bili uporabljeni za preučevanje povezav med kronotipom, delom dneva, tavanjem misli in njihovo časovno usmeritvijo. Jutranji, vmesni in večerni kronotipi se niso razlikovali glede na splošno pojavnost tavanja misli. Kljub temu je bila opažena izrazita povezava z delom dneva. Pojavnost tavanja misli se je čez dan postopno zmanjševala, ne glede na kronotip. Kronotip je napovedal dnevno dinamiko časovne usmerjenosti tavanja misli. Pri večernih kronotipih se je delež misli, usmerjenih v prihodnost, tekom dneva povečal, delež misli, usmerjenih v sedanjost, pa zmanjšal. Nasprotno se je pri jutranjih kronotipih delež misli, usmerjenih v prihodnost, tekom dneva zmanjšal, delež misli, usmerjenih v prihodnost, pa povečal. Te ugotovitve kažejo, da je del dneva povezan s pojavnostjo tavanja misli. Smotrno bi ga bilo upoštevati tako v raziskovalnem okolju, kot pri vsakdanjih dejavnostih. Poleg tega naše ugotovitve kažejo, da ima kronotip pomembno vlogo pri dnevni dinamiki časovne usmerjenosti tavanja misli. Te faktorje bi bilo smotrno upoštevati v okoljih in aktivnostih, kot so terapije in načrtovanje prihodnjih dogodkov.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: tavanje misli, časovna usmerjenost, vzorčenje izkustva, kronotip, dnevno nihanje, cirkadiani ritmi
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Year: 2024
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-158962
• Publication date in RUL: 23.06.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Chronotype and Mind-Wandering – Daily Fluctuations in Temporal Orientation and Affective Tone of Thoughts

Abstract

Mind-wandering, an experience during which our attention is redirected away from an ongoing task or events in the external environment to self-generated thoughts and feelings, occurs in 25-50% of our waking life. Mind-wandering is assumed to play an important role in prospective memory and the anticipation of future goals, events, and expected behavioural outcomes. Beyond association with personality factors such as symptoms of depression, anxiety, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, mind-wandering has been associated with subjective and objective markers of sleep quality, sleep pressure, and chronotype. Chronotype substantially impacts the circadian modulation of cognition, affect and daily activities. Nevertheless, the circadian aspects of spontaneous thoughts remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the influence of chronotype and time of day effects on daily fluctuations in the frequency and temporal orientation of mind-wandering. 152 participants (F = 126, age = 21.7) were involved in an experience sampling procedure. Throughout 10 days, participants received 10 notifications a day at random time points, sent through a mobile application. On each sampling occasion, they completed a short questionnaire, answering questions about the occurrence of mind-wandering, temporal orientation, and affective tone of spontaneous thoughts. The final dataset comprised a total of 13001 successfully completed samples. The individual’s chronotype was assessed using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). Analysis of variance, generalized and linear mixed models were employed to examine the effects of chronotype and time of day on mind-wandering and its temporal orientations. Morning, intermediate and evening chronotypes did not differ with regard to the overall frequency of mind-wandering. Nevertheless, a pronounced association with time of day was observed, pointing to gradually decreasing mind-wandering frequency over the course of the day regardless of chronotype. Daily dynamics of the temporal orientation of mind-wandering were significantly predicted by chronotype: while the proportion of future-oriented thoughts increased and the proportion of present-oriented thoughts decreased throughout the day in evening chronotypes, the opposite was found for morning chronotypes. These findings suggest that time of day is associated with the frequency of mind-wandering and should be considered both in research settings and everyday life activities. Furthermore, our findings imply that chronotype plays an important role in the temporality of mind-wandering throughout the day and should possibly be considered in settings such as therapies and planning of future events and activities.

• Keywords: mind-wandering, temporal orientation, experience sampling, chronotype, daily fluctuations, circadian rhythms