Ocena prehranskega vnosa natrija in kalija pri stanovalcih domov za starejše občane na Goriškem

Rejec, Boštjan (author), Klemenc, Matjaž (mentor), Golja, Petra (comentor)

Prekomerno uživanje kuhinjske soli in njen vpliv na zdravje je v mnogih regijah sveta velik javnozdravstveni problem, saj je povezano s povečanim tveganjem za pojav številnih bolezni, kot so bolezni srca in ožilja, rak želodca, debelost ipd. Prehranski vnos kuhinjske soli med neinstitucionaliziranimi odraslimi v Sloveniji presega priporočila Svetovne zdravstvene organizacije (World Health Organisation; WHO). Ni pa znano, ali imajo stanovalci domov starejših občanov bolj uravnoteženo prehrano kot splošna populacija oziroma ali se trend prekomernega uživanja kuhinjske soli nadaljuje tudi med institucionaliziranimi starejšimi osebami. Poleg tega lahko na prehrano oziroma prehranjevanje starejših vplivajo fiziološke spremembe, ki se pojavijo s staranjem. V našem doktorskem delu smo zato preučili to problematiko. Vnos natrija in kalija smo ocenili z merjenjem količine natrija in kalija v 24-urnem urinu pri 47 stanovalcih treh domov starejših občanov na Goriškem. Povprečni ± SD vnos kuhinjske soli je bil 8,3 ± 2,9 g/dan, statistično značilno večji (P < 0,001) pri moških kot pri ženskah (10,1 ± 3,1 v primerjavi s 7,3 ± 2,2 g/dan). Ocenjeni povprečni vnos kalija je bil 2,63 ± 0,59 g/dan pri moških in 2,00 ± 0,77 g/dan pri ženskah (povprečno 2,23 ± 0,77 g/dan). Vnos natrija oziroma kuhinjske soli pri stanovalcih domov starejših občanov na Goriškem, zlasti pri moških, presega priporočila (manj kot 5 g/dan) WHO, vendar je manjši (P < 0,001) kot pri odraslih prebivalcih Slovenije, starih 25–65 let. Povprečni dnevni vnos kalija v preiskovani skupini je bil pod priporočili WHO (vsaj 3,5 g kalija na dan) in manjši (P < 0,001) kot pri odraslih prebivalcih Slovenije. Posledično nismo zaznali značilnih razlik v razmerju Na/K v primerjavi z odraslimi prebivalci Slovenije.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: prehrana starejših, prehranski vnos, natrij, sol, kalij, domovi starejših občanov
• Work type: Doctoral dissertation
• Typology: 2.08 - Doctoral Dissertation
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Publisher: [B. Rejec]
• Year: 2024
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-158935
• UDC: 613.27-053.9
• COBISS.SI-ID: 199837699
• Publication date in RUL: 23.06.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Assessment of sodium and potassium dietary intake among retirement home residents in Goriška region

Abstract

Excessive salt intake and its effects on health is a public health problem in many regions of the world. The current estimated dietary salt intake of non-institutionalised adults in Slovenia is well above the recommendations of World Health Organisation (WHO). It remains to be determined whether residents of retirement homes have a more balanced diet compared to the general population, or whether the trend towards excessive salt consumption continues even among institutionalised elderly people. In addition, the nutrition of elderly people may be affected by physiological changes associated with ageing. This topic was the focus of this doctoral thesis. Salt and potassium intake was assessed by measuring 24-hour urinary sodium and potassium concentrations. Urine was collected from a sample of residents of three retirement homes in the Goriška region, Slovenia. The average ± SD salt intake was 8.3 ± 2.9 g/day, which was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in men than in women (10.1 ± 3.1 vs. 7.3 ± 2.2 g/day, respectively). The estimated average total daily potassium intake was 2.63 ± 0.59 g/day in men and 2.00 ± 0.77 g/day in women (mean 2.23 ± 0.77 g/day). The salt intake of residents of retirement homes in the Goriška region, especially in men, exceeded the WHO recommended daily intake of < 5 g, but was lower (P < 0.001) than the salt intake of the Slovenian adult population aged 25–65 years. The mean daily potassium intake was below the WHO recommendations of 3.5 g/day and lower (P < 0.001) than in the Slovenian adult population. Consequently, no significant differences in the Na/K ratio were observed compared to the Slovenian adult population.

• Keywords: nutrition of elderly people, dietary intake, sodium, salt, potassium, retirement homes