Vpliv polnjenja električnih vozil na obratovalne razmere distribucijskega omrežja

Močnik, Matic (author), Blažič, Boštjan (mentor)

Promet je ključnega pomena za obstoj in razvoj človeštva, a s seboj prinese mnoge negativne lastnosti, kot so onesnaževanje okolja, hrup, prometne nesreče in drugo. Ena izmed največjih težav je onesnaževanje okolja zaradi izpusta toplogrednih plinov iz vozil z notranjim izgorevanjem, zato je prišla rešitev o zelenem in bolj čistem prevozu na električno energijo zelo prav. Na avtomobilski trg so vstopila električna vozila (EV), z misijo preprečiti ali vsaj zmanjšati onesnaževanje okolja. Poleg tega da so okolju bolj prijazen transport, pa EV prinašajo tudi cenejšo alternativo siceršnjemu prevozu, saj so cene goriva na kilometer višje kot cene elektrike. Zato se nekateri ljudje odločajo za nakup EV kot naložbo, v upanju, da bodo prihranili pri gorivu. Električna vozila pa so s seboj prinesla tudi težave, kot so višje cene vozil, manjši doseg, nezmožnost hitrega polnjenja in polnjenja, kjerkoli želimo, ena izmed glavnih težav pa je njihov vpliv na omrežje. EV so stohastična bremena, kar pomeni, da so za omrežje nepredvidljiva, težko je predvideti, kdaj in kje se bodo priklopila, potencialno lahko povzročijo preobremenjenost omrežnih elementov in neustrezne napetostne nivoje. To pa je eden izmed glavnih problemov električnih vozil. Odločil sem se, da v tem diplomskem delu raziščem tematiko prilagajanja časa polnjenja EV, tako da bo naše omrežje čim manj obremenjeno. Iskal bom optimalne časovne intervale priklopa EV, da bo omrežje to najmanj občutilo. V diplomskem delu sem preučil dodeljeno nizkonapetostno distribucijsko omrežje, ki je bilo zajeto na podlagi realnih podatkov. Nato se je v omrežje dodalo določeno število električnih vozil, nakar sem opazoval odziv omrežja. Dodeljeno omrežje sem preučil in določil, kdaj je gospodinjska poraba najnižja, ter takrat vklopil polnilnice EV. Najmanjši gospodinjski odjem je dopoldne in v nočnem času, zato sem takrat priključil EV na omrežje. Po pričakovanjih se je izkazalo, da sem se izognil konicam moči ter lepo razporedil obremenjenost omrežja skozi ves teden. Najbolj optimalen čas za polnjenje je ponoči.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Električno vozilo, Električna energija, Gospodinjski odjem, Distribucijskego Omrežja, Električne polnilnice, Poraba električne energije, Polnjenje električnih vozil
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: FE - Faculty of Electrical Engineering
• Year: 2024
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-158840
• COBISS.SI-ID: 199633411
• Publication date in RUL: 21.06.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The impact of electric vehicle charging on the operating conditions of a distribution network

Abstract

Transport is essential for the existence and development of mankind, but it brings with it many negative features such as pollution, noise, traffic accidents and so on. One of the biggest problems is environmental pollution due to the emission of greenhouse gases from internal combustion vehicles, which is why the solution of green and cleaner transport powered by electricity has come up. This is how electric vehicles have entered the market, to prevent environmental pollution. In addition to being more environmentally friendly, EVs also have the advantage of cheaper transport, as the price of fuel is more expensive per km than the price of electricity. This is why some people choose to buy EVs as an investment vehicle in the hope of saving on fuel. In addition, one of the major problems in transport is traffic accidents. Electric vehicles have brought with them other problems such as higher vehicle prices, low range, and the inability to charge quickly and charge wherever we want, but one of the main problems is the impact of EVs on the grid. EVs are stochastic loads, which means that they are unpredictable to the grid in terms of when and where they will plug in, which in turn causes congestion and voltage deviations. Therefore, in this thesis, I decided to find out and investigate the topic of adjusting the charging time of EVs, so that the EVs impact on the grid will be as small as possible. I will look for the optimal time intervals when to plug in an electric vehicle so that the grid is least affected. In my thesis, I have studied the given low voltage distribution network, which has been captured based on real data of our network. Several electric vehicles were then added to the grid and I observed the response of the grid. I examined the allocated network and determined when the household consumption was lowest and switched on the EV chargers at that time. The lowest household consumption is in the morning and at night, so I connected the EVs to the grid at that time and it turned out that I avoided power peaks and spread the load of the grid nicely throughout the week. The most optimal time for charging is at night.

• Keywords: Electric vehicles, Power (electricity), Household consumption, Distribution network, EV chargers, Electricity consumption, Electric vehicle charging