Analiza izhodnih snovi in produktov pri izgorevanju nekaterih pirotehničnih zmesi

Lesjak, Tadej (author), Bešter-Rogač, Marija (mentor)

Prepoznavanje in posledično zmanjšanje škodljivih ali nepotrebnih emisij oziroma onesnaženj, ki jih ljudje oddajamo v atmosfero, postajata vse pomembnejša. Eden izmed virov onesnaženja je uporaba ognjemetnih izdelkov. Pri proučevanju vplivov ognjemetov na okolje naletimo na težave pri določanju izvora onesnaženja, zato je zaželena referenca, ustvarjena z izgorevanjem izbranih ognjemetnih sredstev v nadziranem okolju in analizo pridobljenih produktov. To delo opisuje poskus ustvarjanja omenjene reference oziroma natančneje, pridobivanje in analizo produktov izgorevanja ognjemetnih sredstev. Za ta namen smo pridobili pet naključnih ognjemetnih zmesi. Te zmesi smo analizirali z diferenčno dinamično kalorimetrijo, s katero smo proučevali obnašanje pri segrevanju in določili temperaturo vžiga. Zmesi smo nato vžgali v namenski eksplozijski komori, ki je zapisala največji tlak in hitrost naraščanja tlaka. Iz komore smo odvzeli produkte izgorevanja in jih analizirali z vrstičnim elektronskim mikroskopom, ki prikaže obliko in velikost sestavnih delcev produktov gorenja. Na koncu smo z energijsko disperzijsko spektroskopijo identificirali elementarno sestavo pridobljenih vzorcev.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: sestava ognjemetnih izdelkov, izgorevanje, analiza produktov
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
• Year: 2024
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-158789
• COBISS.SI-ID: 202204675
• Publication date in RUL: 20.06.2024

LESJAK, Tadej, 2024, Analiza izhodnih snovi in produktov pri izgorevanju nekaterih pirotehničnih zmesi [online]. Master’s thesis. [Accessed 31 March 2025]. Retrieved from: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=158789

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Analysis of initial mixtures and combustion products of some pyrotechnic compounds

Abstract

The identification and subsequent reduction of harmful or unnecessary man- made emissions and pollutants into the atmosphere is becoming increasingly important. One such emission or pollution is caused by the use of fireworks in real-world environments. In studying the pollution caused by the use of fireworks, we often encounter problems in identifying the sources of pollution. Therefore, it is desirable to have a reference created by first obtaining a selection of fireworks, burning them in a controlled environment, and analyzing the results to identify both the shape and size of the particles and the presence and distribution of the main chemical elements present in fireworks. The present work describes the attempt to establish the above reference or, more generally, to obtain and analyze the combustion products of fireworks. For this purpose, five random compositions of fireworks were identified. Differential scanning calorimetry was performed to examine the behavior during heating and to determine the ignition temperature. The compositions were then ignited in a specially designed explosion chamber where the maximum pressure and rate of pressure rise were recorded. The combustion products were removed from the chamber and analyzed using a scanning electron microscope, which showed both the shape and size of the sample. Finally, an energy disperzive spectroscopy was performed to identify the elemental composition of the samples obtained.

• Keywords: composition of fireworks, combustion, product analysis