Spodbujanje razvoja fine motorike preko dejavnosti z lesenimi didaktičnimi igračami v predšolskem obdobju : diplomsko delo

Piškur, Katja (author), Avsec, Stanislav (mentor), Kurent, Brina (comentor)

V predšolskem obdobju ima v gibalnem razvoju pomembno vlogo razvoj fine motorike, ki je ključna za nadaljnji razvoj pisalnih zmožnosti. V diplomskem delu smo predstavili lesene igrače, namenjene razvoju fine motorike v predšolskem obdobju. Namen diplomskega dela je vpeljevanje lesenih didaktičnih igrač za razvijanje fine motorike v dejavnosti predšolskih otrok, starih 2–3 leta. V osrednjem delu so predstavljena teoretična izhodišča o razvoju fine motorike pri predšolskih otrocih, zakaj je razvoj pomemben in uporaba lesa kot trajnostnega materiala za izdelavo igrač. Opredeljena je tudi tehnična vzgoja v predšolskem obdobju, ki v Kurikulumu za vrtce (1999) ni opredeljena kot samostojno področje, vendar lahko cilje, ki se nanašajo na tehnično vzgojo, najdemo zapisane pod posamezna področja. V empiričnem delu smo analizirali in predstavili rezultate anketnega vprašalnika, ki je bil poslan strokovnim delavcem v vrtcih. Vprašalnik je bil oblikovan v obliki spletne ankete 1KA, s katero smo želeli ugotoviti, kakšno je stališče vzgojiteljev do spodbujanja razvoja fine motorike, do uporabe različnih nestrukturiranih materialov, predvsem lesa v predšolskem obdobju, in koliko samostojno izdelujejo igrače doma. Na anketni vprašalnik je odgovorilo 133 strokovnih delavcev. Večini se zdi razvoj fine motorike pomemben, hkrati pa jim je pomembno, da razvoj v predšolskem obdobju spodbujamo z različnimi materiali. Pri praktičnem delu smo izdelane didaktične igrače predstavili v skupini otrok, starih 2–3 leta, kjer so imeli na voljo pet didaktičnih igrač. Opazovanje je potekalo mesec dni. Želeli smo raziskati in ugotoviti, kako z izdelanimi igračami vplivamo na otrokovo fino motoriko. Opazovanje je potekalo individualno, opažanja smo beležili s pomočjo opazovalnega lista. Z diplomskim delom smo ugotovili, da je pomembno spodbujati razvoj fine motorike in da se s tem strinjajo tudi anketirani strokovni delavci. Ugotovili smo, da je les trajen material, ki se dobro obnese pri izdelavi igrač. Otroci so po izdelanih igračah samostojno posegali, preko opazovanja pa smo ugotovili tudi njihov napredek v igri s tovrstnimi igračami. Diplomsko delo je namenjeno vsem strokovnim delavcem, ki so zaposleni v vrtcih in jih zanima, kako lahko z različnimi didaktičnimi igračami vplivamo na razvoj fine motorike. Diplomsko delo je namenjeno tudi vsem študentom, ki se izobražujejo v predšolski smeri.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Predšolska vzgoja, Motorične sposobnosti, fina motorika, tehnična vzgoja, les, predšolsko obdobje, igrače.
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: K. Piškur
• Year: 2024
• Number of pages: VI, 84, IV str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-158705
• UDC: 373.2(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 199996675
• Publication date in RUL: 19.06.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Promoting the development of fine motor skills through activities with didactic wooden toys in preschool

Abstract

In the preschool period, the promoting of fine motor skills plays an important role in motor development, which is crucial for the further development of writing abilities. In the thesis, we presented wooden toys designed to develop fine motor skills in the preschool period. The purpose of the thesis is to introduce wooden didactic toys for the development of fine motor skills in activities for preschool children aged 2-3 years. The central part presents theoretical foundations on the development of fine motor skills in preschool children, why development is important, and the use of wood as a sustainable material for making toys. It also defines technical education in the preschool period, which is not defined as a separate area in the Kindergarten Curriculum (1999), but the objectives related to technical education can be found written under individual areas. In the empirical part, we analyzed and presented the results of a survey questionnaire that was sent to professionals in kindergartens. The questionnaire was designed in the form of an online survey using 1KA to determine the educators' stance on promoting the development of fine motor skills, the use of various unstructured materials, especially wood, in the preschool period, and how much they independently engage in toy making at home. 133 professionals responded to the survey questionnaire. Most of them consider the development of fine motor skills important, and at the same time, it is important to them to promote development in the preschool period with various materials. In the practical part, we presented the designed didactic toys to a group of children aged 2-3 years, where they had access to 5 didactic toys. Observation took place over a month, where we aimed to explore and determine how the crafted toys influenced the children's fine motor skills. The observation was conducted individually, and observations were recorded using an observation checklist. Through the thesis, we found that promoting the development of fine motor skills is important, and this is also agreed upon by the surveyed professionals. We discovered that wood is a durable material that performs well in toy making. Children interacted independently with the toys, and through observation, we also noted their progress in playing with such toys. The thesis is intended for all professionals employed in kindergartens who are interested in how various didactic toys can influence the development of fine motor skills. It is also intended for all students studying in the preschool education field.

• Keywords: fine motor skills, technical education, wood, preschool period, toy.