Situacijske meritve biomehanskih spremenljivk vzdržljivostnega teka – vidik lateralnih asimetrij

Verbošt, Gregor (author), Šarabon, Nejc (mentor)

Namen magistrske naloge je bil z zajemom biomehanskih parametrov tekom neprekinjenega 10 km submaksimalnega teka in opravljenih laboratorijskih meritev maksimalne jakosti raziskati pojavnost lateralnih asimetrij, analizirati razlike med preferirano in nepreferirano nogo ter ugotoviti vpliv utrujanja in poškodb predvsem na biomehanske parametre teka. V biomehanskih parametrih teka je lateralno asimetrijo izkazovalo 48,72 % merjencev, največja je bila pri medialno lateralnem pospešku 31,83 %, v temeljnih jakostnih parametrih je lateralno asimetrijo izkazovalo 53,85 % merjencev, največja je bila pri jakosti gležnja 22,10 % pri pragu asimetričnosti 10 %. Povprečna vrednost asimetrije je znašala 10,85 ± 2,46 %. Od skupno 11 biomehanskih parametrov smo z dvosmernim t-testom za odvisne vzorce statistično potrdili značilne razlike (p < 0,05) med preferirano in nepreferirano nogo za 5 parametrov z majhno do srednjo velikostjo učinka. Največjo velikost učinka je imela sila reakcije podlage (p = 0,003; ES = 0,514). Statistično značilno povečanje asimetrij med nogama tekom teka smo potrdili za 6 parametrov v velikosti od 1,3 – 7,1 %. Največja velikost učinka je bila pri razlikah v kontaktnem času (p < 0,001; ES = 0,858).Med kazalniki napora in biomehanskimi parametri prihaja od majhnih do zmernih (r = 0,317 – 0,552) statistično značilnih pozitivnih ali negativnih povezav, ki tako v 2. in 9. km kažejo zelo podobno velikost in smernost. Z binarno logistično regresijo smo ugotovili, da imajo tekači s predhodnimi poškodbami 2,25-krat večjo verjetnost za lateralne asimetrije (p = 0,019), vendar model ni bil statistično značilen. V velikosti asimetrij med poškodovanimi in zdravimi tekači v generalnem pogledu pri biomehanskih in jakostnih parametrih ni jasnih razlik.Z analizo mešanih modelov smo ugotovili, da med biomehanskimi in jakostnimi parametri prihaja do posameznih statistično značilnih povezav. Med 2. in 9. km ne prihaja do bistvenih razlik v vplivu temeljnih jakostnih asimetrij na specifične biomehanske asimetrije teka. Na področju raziskovanja lateralnih asimetrij pri vzdržljivostnih tekačih obstajajo metodološki razkoraki, zaradi česar je težko vleči vzporednice med različnimi sklopi meritev in testi. Neprekinjeno terensko merjenje teka s prenosljivimi senzorji ima potencial za izboljšanje razumevanja biomehanskih parametrov teka in osvetlitve vzročnoposledičnih povezav med asimetrijami in poškodbami, za kar bo potrebno izboljšati natančnost senzorjev in standardizirati merilne protokole.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: lateralne asimetrije, vzdržljivostni tek, biomehanika teka, prenosljivi senzorji RunscribeTM, utrujanje
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: FŠ - Faculty of Sport
• Year: 2024
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-158524
• Publication date in RUL: 15.06.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Situation measurements of biomechanical variables in endurance running - the aspect of latera asymmetries

Abstract

The purpose of the master's thesis was to investigate the occurrence of lateral asymmetries, to analyze the differences between the preferred and non-preferred leg, and to determine the impact of fatigue and injuries, especially on the biomechanical parameters of running, by recording biomechanical parameters during a continuous 10 km submaximal run and performing laboratory strength measurements In the biomechanical parameters of running, 48,72 % of subjects showed lateral asymmetry, the largest was 31,83 % in medial-lateral acceleration, in basic strength parameters, lateral asymmetry was shown in 53,85 % of subjects, the largest was in ankle strength 22,10 % at an asymmetry threshold of 10 %. The average value of asymmetry was 10,85 ± 2,46 %. Of a total of 11 biomechanical parameters, we statistically confirmed significant differences (p < 0,05) between the preferred and non-preferred leg for 5 parameters with small to medium effect sizes using a two-tailed t-test for dependent samples. The largest effect size was ground reaction force (p = 0,003; ES = 0,514). A statistically significant increase in leg asymmetries during running was confirmed for 6 parameters ranging from 1,3 to 7,1 %. The largest effect size was for differences in contact time (p < 0,001; ES = 0,858). There are small to moderate (r = 0,317 – 0,552) statistically significant positive or negative correlations between effort indicators and biomechanical parameters, which both in the 2nd and 9th km show a very similar magnitude and direction.Using binary logistic regression, we found that runners with previous injuries were 2,25 times more likely to have lateral asymmetries (p = 0,019), but the model was not statistically significant. In general, there are no clear differences in the magnitude of asymmetries between injured and healthy runners in biomechanical and strength parameters. Through the analysis of mixed models, we found that there are individual statistically significant associations between biomechanical and strength parameters. Between the 2nd and 9th km, there are no significant differences in the influence of fundamental strength asymmetries on specific biomechanical running asymmetries. There are methodological gaps in the field of research on lateral asymmetries in endurance runners, making it difficult to draw parallels between different sets of measurements and tests. Continuous field measurement of running with portable sensors has the potential to improve the understanding of biomechanical parameters of running and elucidate causal links between asymmetries and injuries, which will require improved sensor accuracy and standardized measurement protocols

• Keywords: lateral asymmetries, endurance running, biomechanics of running, RunscribeTM, wearable sensors, fatigue