Study of V$_2$CT$_x$-MXene based immunosensor for sensitive label-free impedimetric detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein

Tasić, Nikola (author), Konjević, Ivan (author), Lobato, Alnilan Cristina Barros (author), Metarapi, Dino (author), Finšgar, Matjaž (author), Oliveira, Filipa M. (author), Sofer, Zdeněk (author), Gusmão, Rui (author), Zhang, Xueji (author), Hočevar, Samo B. (author)

Rapid and reliable immunosensing is undoubtedly one of the priorities in the efficient management and combat against a pandemic, as society has experienced with the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak; simple and cost-effective sensing strategies are at the forefront of these efforts. In this regard, 2D-layered MXenes hold great potential for electrochemical biosensing due to their attractive physicochemical properties. Herein, we present a V$_2$CT$_x$ MXene-based sensing layer as an integral part of a label-free immunosensor for sensitive and selective detection of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The sensor was fabricated on a supporting screen-printed carbon electrode using Nafion as an immobilizing agent for MXene and glutaraldehyde, the latter enabling effective binding of protein A for further site-oriented immobilization of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. A thorough structural analysis of the sensor architecture was carried out, and several key parameters affecting the fabrication and analytical performance of the immunosensor were investigated and optimized. The immunosensor showed excellent electroanalytical performance in combination with an impedimetric approach and exhibited a low detection limit of only 45 fM SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Its practical applicability was successfully demonstrated by measuring the spike protein in a spiked artificial nasopharyngeal fluid sample.

• Language: English
• Keywords: spike protein, immunosensors, SARS-CoV-2, V$_2$CT$_x$ MXene, SARS-CoV-2, electrochemical behavior, impedimetric detection
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
• Organization: FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Year: 2024
• Number of pages: Str. 30196-30208
• Numbering: Vol. 16, iss. 23
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-158476
• UDC: 543.384
• ISSN on article: 1944-8252
• DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04567
• COBISS.SI-ID: 198606083
• Publication date in RUL: 13.06.2024

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: ACS applied materials & interfaces
• Shortened title: ACS appl. mater. interfaces
• Publisher: American Chemical Society
• ISSN: 1944-8252
• COBISS.SI-ID: 516049433

Licences

• License: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Description: This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: imunosenzorji, polprevodniške nanostrukture, proteini