Re-regulacija energetskega sektorja s poudarki na državnih pomočeh in omejevanju z akti oblasti

Urek, Karin (author), Grilc, Peter (mentor)

Od začetka ruske agresije na Ukrajino dalje in posledic, ki jih je ta prinesla za evropsko gospodarstvo, je bila pravna regulacija energetskega sektorja in konkurenčne zakonodaje kompleksen in ključen izziv za Evropsko unijo in regulativne organe držav članic. Obravnavani sta dve ključni področji konkurenčnega prava, ki sta postali še posebej pomembni v času energetske krize: državne pomoči in omejevanje z oblastnimi akti in dejanji. Evropska komisija je interventno sprejela nove izjeme od prepovedi državnih pomoči iz 107. člena Pogodbe o delovanju Evropske unije (PDEU), da bi zagotovila usklajeno delovanje držav članic in s tem ohranila konkurenco. Vendar so bile prakse držav članic glede priglasitve državnih pomoči elektroenergetskim podjetjem različne. Medtem ko Slovenija ni priglasila podeljenih državnih pomoči elektroenergetskim podjetjem za zagotavljanje likvidnosti na organiziranih trgih električne energije Evropski komisiji, sta na primer Nemčija in Avstrija to storili. Zanimalo me je, ali je Slovenija s sprejetjem oblastnega akta, ki je bil podlaga za podelitev državne pomoči elektroenergetskim podjetjem, predvsem Zakona o poroštvu Republike Slovenije za obveznosti iz naslova kreditov, najetih za zagotavljanje likvidnosti na organiziranih trgih električne energije ter emisijskih kuponov in obveznosti iz nakupa dodatnih količin zemeljskega plina izven trga Evropske unije, kršila evropska pravila o konkurenci. Za učinkovito delovanje energetskega trga je namreč ključno spodbujanje konkurence med različnimi ponudniki energije, kar vključuje izvajanje politik za vstop novih konkurentov na trg ter zagotavljanje pregledne regulacije na področju državnih pomoči. V magistrsko diplomskem delu je predstavljeno tudi razmišljanje o tem, ali je energetski trg po krizi še vedno liberaliziran na področju proizvodnje in prodaje ali pa smo priča procesu ponovne regulacije podobnemu tistemu, ki se je zgodil po finančni krizi leta 2008 na finančnem trgu.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: energetska kriza, konkurenčno pravo, pravo reguliranih sektorjev, državna pomoč, omejevanje trga z oblastnimi akti in dejanji, regulacija, deregulacija, ponovna regulacija, energetski sektor, Zakon o preprečevanju omejevanja konkurence, PDEU
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: PF - Faculty of Law
• Year: 2024
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-155511
• Publication date in RUL: 05.04.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Re-regulation of the energy sector with an emphasis on state aid and restrictions imposed by authority acts

Abstract

Since the beginning of the Russian aggression against Ukraine and the consequences it brought for the European economy, the legal regulation of the energy sector and competition legislation has been a complex and crucial challenge for the European Union and the regulatory authorities of the member states. Two key areas of competition law are discussed, which have become important during the energy crisis: state aid and restrictions imposed by authority acts. The European Commission intervened and adopted new exceptions to the prohibition of state aid from Article 107 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) in order to ensure the coordinated action of the member states and thereby preserve competition. However, Member States' practices regarding the notification of state aid to electricity companies varied. While Slovenia did not notify the European Commission of state aid granted to electricity companies to ensure liquidity on organized electricity markets, Germany and Austria, for example, did. I was interested in whether Slovenia, with the adoption of the official act that was the basis for the granting of state aid, especially the Act on the Guarantee of the Republic of Slovenia for the Obligations from Credits Taken Out to Ensure Liquidity on the Organized Electricity Markets and Emission Coupons and Obligations from the Purchase Additional Quantities of Natural Gas Outside the European Union Market, violated European competition rules. For the efficient operation of the energy market, the key is to promote competition between different energy providers, which includes the implementation of policies for the entry of new competitors into the market and ensuring transparent regulation in the field of state aid. The master's thesis also presents thinking about whether the energy market is still liberalized in the field of production and sales after the crisis, or whether we are witnessing a process of re-regulation similar to the one that happened after the financial crisis in 2008 in the financial market.

• Keywords: energy crisis, competition law, law of regulated sectors, state aid, restriction of the market by authority acts and actions, regulation, deregulation, re-regulation, energy sector, Prevention of Restriction of Competition Act, TFEU