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Jezik znanosti - jezik metafizične redukcije?
ID Sajovic, Tomaž (Author)

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Abstract
Izhodišče prispevka je kritični razmislek o znanstvenem jeziku, s tem pa tudi o zahodni novoveški znanosti, kakršno poznamo danes in ki je začela svoj neustavljivi pohod v 16. stoletju. Najpomembnejša značilnost novoveške znanosti, po kateri se loči od prejšnjih zgodovinskih oblik znanosti, je, da vso resničnost razume le kot predmet, tako razumevanje pa je metafizična redukcija, saj je predmetnost le eden od načinov, kako se kaže resničnost (Heidegger). Po Lukácsu je tako razumevanje znanosti samo del širšega procesa popredmetenja, ki je zajel celotno meščansko kapitalistično družbo in ki temelji v sami kapitalistični blagovni objektivnosti. Descartesova ločitev razuma od narave (subjekta od objekta) kot del teh zgodovinskih procesov je v razsvetljenstvu, ki je bil filozofski spremljevalec razvoja kapitalističnih družbenih odnosov, dosegla svojo skrajno razvojno stopnjo. Razum, ki je nosilec znanstvenega raziskovanja, je postajal vedno bolj formaliziran, kar se je izrazilo v znanstvenem razumevanju resnice kot formalno pravilnega (Horkheimer). Znanost je od tedaj dalje zaznamovala vedno večja formalizacija, to pa je pomenilo vedno večjo abstrakcijo od vsebine in vedno večje zanikanje posameznosti. Človek kot subjekt je bil iz tako razumljene znanosti izgnan. Vse to se je semiotično uresničilo v posebni zvrsti jezika – znanstvenem jeziku, ki ga zaznamujeta strokovni slovar in posamostaljena slovnica. Medtem ko vsakdanji jezik konstruira resničnost kot uravnoteženo napetost med predmeti in procesi, posamostaljeni jezik znanstvenega védenja resničnost konstruira le kot zgradbo predmetov, kot nekaj, kar se v času ne spreminja (Halliday). Taka dehumanizirajoča oblika jezika danes prevladuje v vseh znanostih, še več, pod pritiskom vedno večjega popredmetenja, ki obvladuje sodobni svet, je zajela tudi druga področja (administracija, gospodarstvo itd.), torej predvsem tista, ki so povezana z družbeno močjo. Ni pa mogoče spregledati tudi nasprotnega procesa: kvantni fiziki tak samostalniški jezik izrazito ne ustreza, saj je kvantna resničnost skrajno dinamična in težko doumljiva, z njim pa med drugim niso zadovoljni tudi raziskovalci v družboslovju in humanistiki, ki se v svojih teorijah skušajo upreti popredmetenju (Holloway, Grdina).

Language:Slovenian
Keywords:slovenščina, filozofija jezika, semiotika, znanstveni jezik, znanstveno besedilo, neznanstveno besedilo, kvantna fizika, znanost, zgodovina, naravni jezik, jezikoslovje
Typology:1.16 - Independent Scientific Component Part or a Chapter in a Monograph
Organization:FF - Faculty of Arts
Year:2007
Number of pages:Str. 33-55
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-155436 This link opens in a new window
UDC:811.163.6'276.6:001
COBISS.SI-ID:36511330 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:02.04.2024
Views:46
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Record is a part of a monograph

Title:Razvoj slovenskega strokovnega jezika
Editors:Irena Orel
Place of publishing:Ljubljana
Publisher:Filozofska fakulteta, Oddelek za slovenistiko, Center za slovenščino kot drugi/tuji jezik
Year:2007
ISBN:978-961-237-193-7
COBISS.SI-ID:232729856 This link opens in a new window
Collection title:Obdobja
Collection numbering:24

Secondary language

Language:English
Abstract:
The starting point for this contribution is a consideration of scientific language and with it of science in the modern age, from the 16th century onwards. The most important characteristic of modern science, that differentiates it from previous forms of science, is that the whole of reality is seen only as an object, which means that a metaphysical reduction has taken place, as the material is only one of the ways in which reality can manifest itself (Heidegger). According to Lukács, such an understanding of science is merely part of a wider process of reification encompassing the whole of bourgeois capitalist society and grounded in capitalist material objectivity. Descartes’ division between reason and nature (subject from object) as part of this historical process reached its apogee during the enlightenment, which was the philosophical accompaniment to the development of capitalist social relations. Reason, the bearer of scientific research, became increasingly formalised, as was expressed in the scientific understanding of truth as formally correct (Horkheimer). From that point on, science has been increasingly marked by formalisation, which meant increasing abstraction from content and increasing negation of individuality. Such an understanding of science left no place for man as subject. And this was semiotically realised in a special language register – scientific language, characterised by the specialist dictionary and the nominalised grammar. While everyday language construes reality as a balanced tension between objects and processes, the nominalised language of scientific behaviour construes it only as a structure made up of objects, as something that does not change over time (Halliday). Today, this dehumanising form of language prevails in all the sciences; moreover, under the pressure of the ever increasing reification that dominates the contemporary world, it has also taken over other domains (administration, the economy and so on), specifically those connected with social power. However, one should not overlook the opposite process: this kind of nominalised language does not suit quantum physics, as quantum reality is extremely dynamic and hard to grasp, nor does it satisfy researchers in the social sciences and the humanities who strive theoretically against reification (Holloway, Grdina).

Keywords:science, quantum physics, history, natural language, semiotics, linguistics

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