Psihiatrična obravnava : med biomedicinskim in psihosocialnim modelom

Musulin, Michelle (author), Razpotnik, Špela (mentor)

Temelj magistrskega dela zajema problematizacijo sodobne psihiatrične obravnave oseb, ki se soočajo z različnimi duševnimi stiskami in imajo izkušnjo bivanja v psihiatrični ustanovi. V magistrskem delu se bom podrobneje ukvarjala z vprašanjem, kakšen položaj ima psihiatrija danes in zakaj kljub morebitnim škodljivim posledicam tovrstne biomedicinske obravnave predstavlja glavno obliko pomoči ljudem, ki trpijo za različnimi duševnimi stiskami. Glavni paradigmi na področju duševnih stisk, ki ju bom temeljitejše opisala, sta biomedicinska in psihosocialna paradigma. Biomedicinski pristop razume duševne stiske kot bolezni/motnje, ki imajo svoj izvor na podlagi biokemijskega neravnovesja oziroma organske patologije v telesu. Medtem ko biomedicinski model stisko individualizira, se pravi, da svojo pozornost usmeri v trpečega posameznika in vidi v njem razloge za težave, psihosocialni model pripisuje velik pomen socialnim dejavnikom; torej okolju, v katerem posameznik živi, kot tudi družbi kot celoti, ki s svojim specifičnim delovanjem proizvaja določene socialne, kulturne in ekonomske pritiske na posameznika. V empiričnem delu bom poskušala prikazati sodobne načine obravnave – predvsem tako, da bom predstavila izkušnje oseb, ki so izkusile psihiatrično zdravljenje, in sicer iz slovenskega in nemškega okolja. Na koncu se bom dotaknila še predstavitve alternativ znotraj psihiatrije s poudarkom na praksah, ki se v evropskem prostoru počasi uveljavljajo. Magistrsko delo nakaže pomembnost kritičnega premisleka o razumevanju duševnega zdravja, ki vpliva na obravnavo in pomoč ljudem z različnimi stiskami. Ugotovitve imajo lahko neposreden pomen za socialne pedagoge in ostale strokovne delavce, ki na različne načine nudijo svojo pomoč uporabnikom storitev duševnega zdravja.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: psihiatrija, psihiatrična ustanova, medicinska paradigma, socialna paradigma, alternative v psihiatriji, psihiatrična zdravstvena nega
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: M. Musulin
• Year: 2024
• Number of pages: 107 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-155414
• UDC: 616.89(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 191030019
• Publication date in RUL: 30.03.2024

MUSULIN, Michelle, 2024, Psihiatrična obravnava : med biomedicinskim in psihosocialnim modelom [online]. Master’s thesis. Ljubljana : M. Musulin. [Accessed 18 May 2025]. Retrieved from: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=155414

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Psychiatric treatment : between biomedical and psychosocial model

Abstract

The basis of the master's work includes the problematization of modern psychiatric treatment of people who are faced with various mental health difficulties and have the experience of staying in a psychiatric institution. In my master's thesis, I will deal in more detail with the question of what function psychiatry has today and why, despite the possible harmful consequences of this type of biomedical treatment, it represents the main form of help for people suffering from various mental health issues. The main paradigms in the field of mental distress, which I will describe in more detail, are the biomedical and psychosocial paradigms. The biomedical approach understands mental distress as diseases that originate from biochemical imbalances or organic pathology in the body. While the biomedical model individualizes distress, which means that it focuses its attention on the suffering individual and sees in him the reasons for the problems, the psychosocial model attaches great importance to social factors; that is, the environment in which the individual lives, as well as society as a whole, which with its specific function produces certain social, cultural and economic pressures on the individual. In the empirical part, I will try to show modern methods of treatment - mainly by presenting the experiences of persons who have experienced psychiatric treatment, namely from Slovenian and German environments. Finally, I will touch on the presentation of alternatives within psychiatry with an emphasis on practices that are slowly gaining ground in the European area. The master's thesis suggests the importance of critical reflection on the understanding of mental health, which affects the treatment and assistance of people with various difficulties. The findings can have a direct meaning for social pedagogues and other professionals who provide their help to users of mental health services in various ways.

• Keywords: psychiatry, psychiatric institution, medical paradigm, social paradigm, alternatives in psychiatry