A cacophony of classifications: education and identification in a prenational empire

Bernot, Jan (author), Stergar, Rok (author)

The article seeks to fill a gap in existing scholarship on explicit and implicit linguistic, ethnic, and national classifications in Habsburg schools and their effects. It attempts to reconstruct the classifications that appeared in textbooks and other teaching materials as well as in daily practice, pupils’ exposure to them, and their engagement with these categories. Temporally, the study begins with the establishment of compulsory education (1774) and ends in the revolutionary period of 1848–49 and focuses on the Slavophone population of the Habsburg crownlands Carniola, Carinthia, Styria, and the Austrian Littoral. Our research suggests that systematic and uniform classification schemes were not yet in place in the school environment in the period under review. As a result, the influence of classificatory systems on identifications was limited. If anything, the schools inadvertently reproduced existing local and provincial identifications while the students’ limited internalization of emerging transregional identifications only happened through their personal relationships with a few teachers and peers. The transition from familiarization with emerging transregional ethnolinguistic identifications through personal networks to the systemic (and often completely unintentional) reproduction of nationalist ideology happened only after 1848.

• Language: English
• Keywords: Habsburg empire, identifications, classifications, schools
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
• Organization: FF - Faculty of Arts
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Publication date: 13.03.2024
• Year: 2024
• Number of pages: Str. 1-18
• Numbering: Firstview
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-155054
• UDC: 94:37(497.4)"18/19"
• ISSN on article: 1465-3923
• DOI: 10.1017/nps.2024.11
• COBISS.SI-ID: 188959235
• Publication date in RUL: 18.03.2024

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: Nationalities papers
• Publisher: Carfax, Routledge
• ISSN: 1465-3923
• COBISS.SI-ID: 62992897

Licences

• License: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Description: This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Habsburški imperij, identikikacije, klasifikacije, šole

Projects

• Funder: ARRS - Slovenian Research Agency
• Project number: J6-2573
• Name: Šole in imperialne, nacionalne in transnacionalne identifikacije: Habsburška monarhija, Jugoslavija in Slovenija

• Funder: ARRS - Slovenian Research Agency
• Project number: P6-0235
• Name: Slovenska zgodovina