Introduction: Occupational science, from an interdisciplinary perspective, examines all manifest forms of occupations. Co-occupations involve at least two individuals who mutually influence each other and share a common understanding of purpose in co-occupation. Motherhood is an intense and lifelong process that brings about changes in identity, occupational repertoire, and the manner of performing occupations. Despite the fact that the exploration of co-occupations began with the observation of mothers and children, we could not find a systematic literature review summarizing the existing findings in this field. Purpose: To synthesize the existing literature on the topic of maternal co-occupations, and to determine what methods are used in occupational science to research maternal co-occupations, to identify what is known so far about maternal co-occupations, to explore the characteristics of maternal co-occupations at different stages of child development, and to examine the involvement of occupational therapists in the development of maternal co-occupations. Methods: Following the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, we conducted a search in three databases: CINAHL, Web of Science, and ProQuest. In our search, we focused on two key concepts: co-occupation and mother. Articles were assessed for quality and analysed descriptively and according to the principles of thematic synthesis. Results: We analysed eight articles, comprising seven qualitative and one quantitative study. We identified five themes: Facilitating child engagement in occupations, The most common co-occupations of mothers and children, Maternal co-occupations as a source of stress, Changeable nature of maternal co-occupations, and Co-occupations as an occupational therapy means. Discussion and conclusion: In occupational science, due to the nature of research problems, qualitative research predominates. Mothers actively seek opportunities for the occupational engagement of their children, as this helps provide potential for development. The child's activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, play, and education are the most common co-occupations of mothers and children. Co-occupations related to childcare can also induce stress and uncertainty in the maternal role. Over time, co-occupations evolve, influenced by the child's development, the mothers gaining experiences in parenting, and the gradual development of the relationship between mother and child. Occupational therapists use co-occupations as a means to establish optimal conditions for a child's development and to support the shaping of the maternal role. In the future, it would be essential to explore the characteristics of co-occupations of mothers with adult children and co-occupations not related to children.
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